Leopoldskirche (Leopoldstadt)

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Parish church hl. Leopold in Leopoldstadt
inside view
Noon bells in the Leopold Church, Leopoldstadt

The parish church of St. Leopold is a Roman Catholic parish church in the second district of Vienna Leopoldstadt on Alexander Poch-Platz 6. The parish is in the deanery 2/20 of the Archdiocese of Vienna belonging Vicariate Vienna City . It is consecrated to St. Leopold . The building is a listed building .

Location description

The church building has a conspicuously protruding facade tower. Its mansard roof is also strikingly designed . Outside the main entrance are two statues from the middle of the 17th century depicting St. Leopold and St. Florian , which originally came from the church at the court .

history

Emperor Leopold I issued an edict that meant the expulsion of the Viennese Jews in 1670 and thus the dissolution of the ghetto in Unteren Werd . The city of Vienna acquired the area and built a Roman Catholic church in place of the New Synagogue . The foundation stone for Leopold's Church was laid by Leopold I on August 18, 1670. The builder Hans Strobel, the court mason Georg Gerstenbrand and probably Carlo Canevale as site manager were involved in the construction. The church was consecrated in the presence of the emperor, his wife Margarita Theresa and the mayor of Vienna Daniel Lazarus Springer on September 5, 1671. Bishop Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch gave the festive sermon . On the occasion of the consecration of the church, the imperial diplomat Count Paul Sixt II. Trautson zu Falkenstein (1635–1678) staged an extremely expensive festival on September 6, 1671 near the old toll house Am Tabor on the Danube arm Fahnenstangenwasser . The midday meal alone cost 8,000 guilders (an average family at that time had 6 guilders a month). The conquest of the Akkon fortress by Leopold V in the Third Crusade was staged with several small ships and backdrops built especially for this festival on the bank of the Fahnenstangenwasser . The first pastor of the new parish was Johann Ignaz Arnezhofer. A remodeling of the church was completed in 1676.

The Leopold Church in 1733 (engraving by Salomon Kleiner )

In the course of the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, the Leopold Church burned down completely and had to be restored. Due to the increasing population of the suburb Leopoldstadt , the church became too small, so that it was demolished in 1722. Today's Leopold's Church was built on its foundations according to plans by the architect Anton Ospel . In 1723 the blessing of the church took place. The consecration of the church, which had not yet taken place, was carried out in 1779 at the instigation of Maria Theresa. The building was renovated in 1824 when Johann Baptist Weber , co-founder of the First Austrian Spar-Casse , was pastor in the Leopoldskirche. In the middle of the 19th century, the later Archbishop Anton Josef Gruscha worked as a provisional in the parish, from the beginning to the middle of the 1870s as a cooperator and director (who later published anti-Semitic ) Joseph Deckert (1843-1901). In the First World War, six of the eight church bells were melted down. In 1923 the interior of the church was restored.

March 12, 1945 was the day of the heaviest air raid on Vienna in World War II , on which the Vienna State Opera was also hit. A 1,000-kilogram bomb was dropped on the Leopoldskirche, which destroyed the church roof, parts of the side masonry and large parts of the furnishings and fittings. The reconstruction from 1946 to 1948 was headed by the architect Helene Koller-Buchwieser , two thirds of the costs being borne by the municipality of Vienna. Auxiliary Bishop Franz Kamprath consecrated the renovated Leopold Church on June 6, 1948. From 1959 to 1961, under the direction of Helene Koller-Buchwieser, the outside of the church building and the rectory were restored. In 1984 the church tower was restored.

architecture

The hall church has a clear center through a transept-like extension, over which there is a pendentive dome .

Furnishing

The wide high altar was probably designed by Anton Ospel around 1722/25. The high altar picture Glorification of Saint Leopold is a copy made by Alexander Brunner of the original baroque painting by Martino Altomonte that was destroyed in 1945 . The red marble baptismal font was made in the middle of the 18th century. The top figures on the lid of the baptismal font represent the baptism of Jesus and are the work of the sculptor Adolf Wagner von der Mühl . Under the organ gallery are baroque confessionals, which originally come from the Rochus Church , as well as wooden figures created by the sculptor Franz Barwig the Younger in 1946, which depict Judas Thaddäus and St. Anthony .

Interior view with the high altar and the family altar, formerly Marien Altar

The Leopold Church has several side altars. The Brother Klaus altar from the second quarter of the 18th century stands in a wall niche and has an altarpiece by Lucia Jirgal from 1948, on which Brother Klaus can be seen with angels. The Assumption dedicated Marienaltar has one originating from the 17th century altarpiece to the vision of St. Anthony, the Antonio Malinconico is attributed and in to 1976 Mariahilferkirche was. The side figures depict Saint Joachim and Saint Anna , a relief depicts the Good Shepherd . The altarpiece of the Johannes Nepomuk altar with a depiction of Johannes Nepomuk is attributed to the baroque painter Johann Georg Schmidt . The niche figures of the Johannes Nepomuk altar represent Saint Anthony (left) and Saint Catherine (right). The Baptism Christ altar also has an altarpiece by Johann Georg Schmidt from the second quarter of the 18th century, on which the Baptism of Jesus can be seen. The niche figures represent St. Peter and St. Paul . On the cross altar there is a crucifixion group from the first quarter of the 18th century from the former cemetery chapel. One of the altar figures from the second quarter of the 18th century shows St. Helena . The Florian altar has an altarpiece with St. Florian from the mid-18th century, which is attributed to Matthias Mölk . Two figures from the third quarter of the 18th century are images of St. Francis and St. Anthony.

In the sacristy there are baroque cabinets with inlays and paintings from the first half of the 19th century on the subjects of the marriage of Mary and the baptism of Jesus. A room on the opposite side is designed similar to the sacristy. Circular, gold-plated depictions of Saints Peter (left) and Paul (right) are mounted above the portals to both rooms.

Portal inscription

Inscription above the church portal

The Latin inscription above the portal of the Leopold's Church, which records the conversion of the synagogue into a church, has the following text (with German translation):

Divo Leopoldo,
Marchioni Austriæ, Patrono Provinciæ,
in præsentia
Leopoldi Rome. Imp. Semper Augusti, Hung. Boh. Regis, Austriæ Archiducis,
et Hispania Margaritæ Aug [ustissimæ] Conjugis,
a Wilderico SRI Principe Episcopo ordinario
Synagogæ perversa a Patronis Daniele Lazaro Springer Consule Senatuque Viennensi
in Ecclesiam conversa consecrata s dedicata est
post plene in Austria infero Virgini ab Ruga
concepta, Zachariæ cognato sacro.

The holy Leopold ,
the Margrave of Austria and saint of the country , is
in the presence
of the illustrious Roman Emperor Leopold , King of Hungary and Bohemia , and archduke of Austria ,
and his illustrious wife Margaritha , Infanta of Spain ,
of Wilderich , the Holy Roman Empire Prince and bishop,
the church built after the fall of the synagogue under the patronage of the mayor Daniel Lazarus Springer and the city ​​council of Vienna was consecrated
after the complete expulsion of the Hebrews from Lower Austria ,
on the feast day of St. Zacharias , the blood friend of the immaculate bearer of the Messiah .

organ

View of the Hradetzky organ

The organ was built in 1971 by the organ builder Gregor Hradetzky. The slider chest instrument has 22 registers on two manuals and a pedal. The playing and stop actions are mechanical.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. octave 4 ′
3. Super octave 2 ′
4th mixture 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
5. Quintadena 16 ′
6th Reed flute 8th'
7th Pointed flute 4 ′
8th. Sesquialtera II
9. Trumpets 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
10. Pointed Gamba 8th'
11. Wooden dacked 8th'
12. Principal 4 ′
13. Reed flute 4 ′
14th Gemshorn 2 ′
15th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
16. Sharp 1'
17th Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
18th Sub bass 16 ′
19th octave 8th'
20th Dacked bass 8th'
21st Choral bass 4 ′
22nd bassoon 16 ′

Rectory

The rectory next to the church was built in 1863/64. Here are vestments kept, including one of Maria Theresia geschenkter 1778 the parish vestments . A Leopold reliquary from 1588 owned by the parish is on loan in the Cathedral and Diocesan Museum .

literature

  • Leopold Kremser: Vienna, Parish Church of St. Leopold - Vienna 2 . Peda, Passau 2004, ISBN 3-89643-547-7
  • Walther Pichler: From the synagogue to the church. On the history of the origin of the parish St. Leopold, Vienna II . Wiener Dom-Verlag, Vienna 1974, ISBN 3-85351-067-1
  • From the St. Leopoldi parish church in the Leopold city of St. Brigida, in: Fuhrmann, Mathias (Hrsg.): Historical description and briefly cut message from the Roman. Kaiserl. and Royal Residence City of Vienna, and its suburbs, Vienna 1767, Zweyter Volume, p. 435 ff. ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Leopoldskirche (Leopoldstadt)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Vienna - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. ( Memento from May 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) . Federal Monuments Office , as of June 26, 2015 (PDF).
  2. ↑ Christine Klusacek, Kurt tuner: Leopoldstadt. Verlag Kurt Mohl, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-900272-29-8 , p. 68.
  3. ↑ Joseph Deckert:  Association for the perpetual adoration of the holy (igen) Joseph. In:  Das Vaterland , No. 163/1872 (XIIIth year), June 16, 1872, p. 4, column 2 below. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / possibly.
  4. ↑ Freely based on: Leopold Matthias Weschel: Die Leopoldstadt near Vienna: According to sources and source writers [...]. 1824, p.298 f. ( Digitized
  5. ↑ More information about the organ
  6. ^ Dehio-Handbuch Wien. II. To IX. and XX. District . Edited by Federal Monuments Office. Anton Schroll, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-7031-0680-8 , pp. 14-16

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '8 "  N , 16 ° 22' 45.8"  E