Journey song

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Singing Girl Scouts

A Song of Ascents is a song by Boy Scouts , migratory birds , boy machinations or other members of the youth movement is sung. In a narrower sense, it only refers to those songs that are written and sung by members of these communities for these communities, in a broader sense everything that is sung on excursions, hikes or bike rides .

The word journey song is derived from the term journey , which in the case of scouts and migratory birds refers to a hike that usually takes several days or, in a broader sense, to being out and about in nature. In common usage, however, the wandering song is usually spoken of.

Song content

The contents of the songs are shaped by the experiences typical of the youth movement and the history of the youth movement.

They include all experiences that are typical for going on a journey together, such as experiencing nature, hiking together, singing itself, mutual support and typical experiences when dealing with outsiders. In addition, there are songs about population groups and subcultures that have a way of life that is reminiscent of travel life: gypsies, wanderers (handicrafts).

On trips abroad, songs from the countries visited were taken over into the songs of the frets. The Bünde's treasure trove of travel songs includes songs from the popular travel countries Norway, Sweden and Finland, as well as Russia during the Weimar Republic and songs about these countries.

Development of the song stock

The guitar lute was the usual accompaniment instrument for the Wandervogel movement

The Zupfgeigenhansl

Around 1900 the wandering bird movement rediscovered the folk song . In 1909, Hans Breuer published the folk song collection Der Zupfgeigenhansl, the songbook of the youth movement. In 1913 the 10th and final edition of this work appeared, of which well over a million copies had been printed and distributed by 1933. After the First World War, the efforts of this movement initially collapsed.

The second most important source of the group songs is relatively unknown: the Allgemeine Deutsche Kommersbuch . In their initial phase, the Wandervögel took up the songs of the students. For example, many soldiers' songs that were known around 1900 have been included in the Bundische Liedgut, whereas later ones are not. They spewed death and destruction (text by Ferdinand Freiligrath ) is an example.

In the 1910s, the poems of Börries Freiherr von Münchhausen were common property. They have been set to music many times, including the song Jenseits des Tales by Robert Götz . Klabund's poems were also often set to music. Many songs from that time were available with different melodies, and their distribution was often oral.

Fritz Jöde set Der Kleine Rosengarten and Auf der Lüneburger Heide by Hermann Löns to music .

Weimar Republic

After the war, in which numerous migratory birds fell, there was a new beginning. The Bündische Jugend in the narrower sense emerged, which created many songs itself. Important books were Der Spielmann des Quickborn , Sankt Georg (publisher: Walter Gollhardt) and Kameraden Singt! by Robert Oelbermann . The youth music teacher Walther Hensel had his wedding with the much-cited singing source and Stampedemi . The young people spread through the scouts .

The songs of the icebreaker team from the German Youth Union are well known, because in Germany at that time the fighting in Russia between the whites and the reds was closely followed. The German youth movement came into contact with Russian music through the Don Kosaken Chor Serge Jaroff . The desire for freedom and the irrepressible will to lead a self-determined life exerted a great attraction on her. Many songs of the Don Cossacks were provided with German texts and still play an important role in the songs of the youth movement. Countless pseudo- Cossack songs and Germanizations were created, and the soldiers' choirs of the icebreaker team from the same source .

Eberhard Koebel with dj.1.11 stimulated the north country and russian romance , which can still be found today in the Bündische Jugend, especially in the songs. dj.1.11 also introduced the Kohte , the yurt and the boys' blouse into the Bundische youth.

Third Reich and World War II

Hans Baumann's songs, e.g. B. Listen to Comrade and the White Drum were popular. They fit exactly into the time and were appropriated by Bündische and National Socialists alike and were not ostracized even after the Second World War. The song book of the Sauerland mountain association Our songs by Fritz Sotke was very popular. The songs of the South Legion and the songbook From gray cities walls by Robert Götz were written before the leagues were banned. The church groups were the last to be banned in the Third Reich and were therefore able to print songbooks the longest. The Singeschiff and the St. Georg songbook are standard works.

post war period

After the Second World War, American influence brought about a paradigm shift. Among the young people, the “Bündische” were an ever smaller subculture. The song repertoire was also more strongly influenced and expanded by foreign songs (e.g. by the translations by Walter Scherf , by the civil rights and folklore movements ).

Ludwig Voggenreiter's brother Heinrich brought the remaining rights of use to the Voggenreiter Verlag, which was newly founded in Bad Godesberg . There was published in 1952 Der Turm , a collection of songs completed in 1966, written by Konrad Schilling and Helmut König (helm) u. a. was published in ten editions and was the standard work for group songs for many years. In it he documented many songs that were not printed during the National Socialist era .

From 1948 Horst Fritsch published the song sheets of German youth at Südmarkverlag - initially in loose-leaf form - which - then in illustrated booklet editions - were continued for decades and continuously brought new impulses for the song culture.

Later, the song books Der Schwarze Adler and Liederbock were widely used. They were rather collections of tried and tested old songs. During these decades numerous other song collections were created that influenced singing in the frets, e. E.g. the booklets White Roads (1949) from circles of the young people , the mouth organ from the CVJM Cologne, songs by Mac by Erik Martin and Der Silberspring from the Zugvogel - the German driving association . Codex Patomomomensis , published in 2007, is an excellent compilation of new and old covenant songs . This songbook also shows a carefully researched history of origin for most of the songs.

Occasions of singing

Singing during a morning party at the festival of the culture initiative Lebendig Leben at Ludwigstein Castle

The frequency of singing varies depending on the fret and group. In groups in which singing plays a major role, the following occasions can be sung during the day: In the morning a group sings in the tent camp to wake up. As soon as everyone has got up and dressed, there is a morning party, where people gather in a circle; there is also singing, sometimes one or the other poem or a few short thoughts are recited. There is also a song to introduce and end each meal. Waiting times are bridged by spontaneous singing. Finally, everyone gathers around the campfire in the evening and sings together for hours. There is also singing at the beginning and end of events, drives and group lessons, as well as on special occasions. If you received help from outsiders, they were given a song to thank them.

The occasions on which they sing varies considerably from one federal government to another, but at least singing together in the evenings and singing on solemn occasions are part of all boy scouts, wandering birds and other Bündische and youth groups.

So-called "singing contests" play a special role in the leagues. Here, groups compete in a competition with song lectures. The oldest and best-known nationwide singing competition is the Hamburg singing competition . While it was dominated by youth associations at the beginning (1955), today scout groups shape the annual event in the “Audimax” of Hamburg University .

It is typical for singing in Bünden that many youth movements collect songs in their own handwritten song books. In addition, many frets and tribes publish their own song books in small and very small editions.

Bündische songwriters

Examples of songs

Journey songs in the narrower sense, i.e. songs that are often sung in the frets as well as written by Bündische for this purpose:

In addition, well-known folk songs are sung as travel and hiking songs in the youth movement :

See also

literature

  • Wolfgang Kaschuba: Folk song and folk myth. The "Zupfgeigenhansl" as a song and guide book for the German youth movement . Yearbook for Folk Song Research, 34th year, 1989.
  • Wolfgang Lindner: Youth movement as an expression of ideological mentality . Publishing house Dr. Kovac, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-8300-0886-4 ( free full text ).
  • Helmut König : Singing in the frets - The Zupfgeigenhansl and his successors . PDF
  • Helmut König: About what is special about singing in Baden-Württemberg. In: Idea and Movement. Issue 82 / 83–89, 2008–2010, ISSN  1435-8883 , ( PDF file; 0.3 MB ).
  • Summary of the author from http://www.dornenherz.de/ about his findings from his songbook collection as the basis for this article
  • Karin Stoverock: Music in the Hitler Youth. Organization, development, contexts (2 volumes). Uelvesbüll 2013.

Song collections

  • Hans Breuer (Ed.): The Zupfgeigenhansl. 10th edition. Friedrich Hofmeister Verlag, Leipzig 1913.
  • Walter Gollhardt (Ed.): St. Georg. Songbook of German Youth. 1st edition. Publishing house Günther Wolff , Plauen 1931.
  • Alfons M. Hamm (Trenk), later Zugvogel - German Driving Association (ed.): Silberspring , self-published, issue 1–6, 1955–2005.
  • Konrad Schilling (ed.): The tower A. 453 songs for boys. Voggenreiter Verlag , Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1966, ISBN 3-8024-0028-3 .
  • Konrad Schilling (ed.): The tower B. Folklore from all countries. Voggenreiter Verlag, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1966, ISBN 3-8024-0029-1 .
  • Konrad Schilling (ed.): The sloping tower. Voggenreiter Verlag, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1989, ISBN 3-8024-0030-5 .
  • Horst Fritsch (Hrsg.): Song sheets of German youth. Südmarkverlag Fritsch KG , Heidenheim an der Brenz.
  • Black Eagle. German Boy Scout Association Westmark eV, Black Eagle Tribe (Ed.), 1982.
  • Bulibu . German Boy Scout Association Westmark eV (Ed.), Cologne 1986.
  • Liederbock . Working group of the VCP Homburg.
  • Paul Rode (Momo) and Tim O. Becker (Pato): Codex Patomomomensis . Zauberwaldverlag, Hamburg 2007.

Web links