Falcatifolium papuanum
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Falcatifolium papuanum is a medium sized conifer from the genus falcatifolium in the family of podocarpaceae (Podocarpaceae). The natural range of the species is in Papua New Guinea . The species is widespread there in mountain rainforests, in some cases it is common and is listed inthe IUCN Red List as not endangered. The wood is used together with that of other stone vines.
description
Appearance
Falcatifolium papuanum grows as evergreen , up to 22 meters high tree with an upright, continuous stem, diameter of up to 40 centimeters or more ( diameter at breast height ) is achieved. The trunk bark is dark brown, gray when exposed to the weather, smooth and in older trees torn and scaly in the lower part of the trunk. The inner bark is slightly fibrous and red-brown. The treetop of trees growing in the forest is more or less conical.
leaves
Two types of leaves are formed: scale leaves and needle-shaped leaves. The scale leaves grow on the main shoots and more or less pressed on the base of the side shoots, are awl-shaped to narrowly lanceolate, 2 to 5 millimeters long and 1 to 2 millimeters wide. They sometimes develop into small leaves.
The leaves on seedlings are linear and protrude at wide angles from the branches. They are stalked, 10 to 15 millimeters long and about 1 millimeter wide. The leaves of somewhat older trees are only slightly larger than the leaves on mature trees. The leaves are pale whitish green when they shoot, pale yellowish green or glaucous and later turn green on top and glaucous below. Leaves of adult trees growing in the shade are curved sickle-shaped at the base and then more or less straight, 10 to 22 millimeters long and 2 to 4 millimeters wide, more or less stalked and slowly converge at the end of the leaf to the pointed and piercing tip. The leaves are more or less leathery, the midrib is not or only slightly raised. Leaves of older trees exposed to the sun are smaller, only 8 to 13 millimeters long and 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide, and sometimes more curved than shade leaves. Numerous line-like, interrupted stomata opening strips are formed on both sides of the leaves, extending from the leaf base to the tip.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow individually on axillary or sometimes terminal, scaly stems. They are 0.5 to 1.3 inches long and 2 to 2.5 millimeters wide. The microsporophylls have two reddish pollen sacs and a pointed tip above.
The seed cones grow individually on axillary stems with pointed scaly leaves. The podocarpium is 7 to 10 millimeters long, it swells and is bright red and succulent when fully ripe . Only one egg-shaped, crooked, slightly flattened, 5 to 6 millimeter long, and when ripe light or dark brown seed , which has two ridges on the sides, ripens per cone .
Distribution and ecology
The species is endemic to Papua New Guinea , occurrences in western New Guinea are not known. Falcatifolium papuanum grows at altitudes above 1500, mostly from 1800 to 2400 meters. The distribution area can probably be assigned to the hardiness zone 9 with mean annual minimum temperatures of -6.6 to -1.2 degrees Celsius (20 to 30 degrees Fahrenheit ). It often grows in montane rainforests, which are dominated by representatives of the genera Lithocarpus and the pseudo beeches ( Nothofagus ), the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), Cunoniaceae and the stone beeches (Podocarpaceae). Near the summit region, the trees can reach up to the canopy of the forest; in deeper forests on moist ground, the species remains under the canopy and remains below a height of 15 meters. The species can also be dwarfed in exposed places on mountain tops.
Hazard and protection
Falcatifolium papuanum was established in 2011 by the IUCN in the Red List classified as endangered ( "Least Concern"). The distribution area is too large to be able to deduce a hazard from it and there are known stocks on around 1000 square kilometers and probably others that are still unknown. Although trees are felled in Morobe Province , it is quite common there; in other areas it may now have become rare. In McAdam National Park there are stocks in a protected area.
Systematics and Etymology
Falcatifolium papuanum is a species from the genus Falcatifolium , which belongs to the Podocarpaceae family. It was first described in 1969 by David John de Laubenfels in the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum . A synonym of the species is Dacrydium papuanum (de Laub.) Whitmore . James E. Eckenwalder also assigns the single specimen that is attributed to Falcatifolium sleumeri to the species Falcatifolium papuanum . From this point of view, Falcatifolium sleumeri de Laub would also be . & Silba just a synonym of kind.
The genus name Falcatifolium is derived from the Latin falcis , "sickle" and folia , "leaf", and thus refers to the sickle-like curved leaves. The specific epithet papuanum refers to the distribution area in Papua New Guinea.
use
The wood of Falcatifolium papuanum is of high quality and is used and traded together with that of representatives of the genera Dacrycarpus , Dacrydium and Phyllocladus . Since the species is comparatively rare, its share in it will be rather small. Falcatifolium papuanum is not grown outside of some glasshouses and botanical gardens.
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5 , pp. 363, 366, 367 .
- James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 262 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 367
- ↑ a b falcatifolium papuanum in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: A. Farjon, 2011. Accessed January 24, 2014.
- ↑ a b James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World , p. 262
- ↑ Falcatifolium papuanum. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved January 24, 2014 .
- ↑ Falcatifolium papuanum. In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 24, 2014 .
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 363
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 366
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Falcatifolium papuanum. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed January 24, 2014 (English).
- Falcatifolium papuanum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 24, 2014.