Herbert Jansky

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Herbert Jansky (born June 25, 1898 in Vienna ; † March 12, 1981 ibid) was an Austrian scholar of Islam and a Turkologist .

Life

Jansky attended the grammar school in the 13th district , where he made 1917 the Matura . As a high school student he had the K. u. K. attended public school for oriental languages .

From 1917 Jansky studied at the Oriental Institute of the University of Vienna Oriental studies with a focus on Islamic studies with Friedrich Kraelitz , Rudolf Geyer , Wilhelm Czermak and Adolf Grohmann, among others . 1922 Jansky was with the dissertation The conquest of Syria by Sultan Selim I to Dr. phil. PhD. From 1921 to 1923 he studied law at the University of Vienna and at the University of World Trade . From 1923 to 1930 he was a consultant at the Austrian-Oriental Chamber of Commerce in Vienna. From 1923 to 1931 he was a clerk for Turkey and Greece at the Legislative Information Service of the Austrian Chambers of Commerce. From 1928 he was a sworn court interpreter at the Higher Regional Court for Turkish and Arabic, from 1930 also for Persian and Modern Greek. Before 1931 he became a member of the German Oriental Society . In 1931 Jansky took part in the Pfrimer Putsch .

In 1933, Jansky qualified as a professor for Turkish Studies in Vienna. From 1933 to 1940 he worked as a private lecturer and from 1940 as a professor at the University of Vienna. Less than two months after the annexation of Austria , Janksy joined the NSDAP in 1938 (membership no. 6.165.041).

Like all German Turkey experts of the time, Jansky also supported the nationalist aspirations of Azerbaijani politicians. This was done in line with an anti-communist line that supported national movements against the Soviet Union . In this sense, Jansky wrote: "The Turks of Russia, too, by maintaining their ethnic existence and their ancestral religion, Islam, despite having been subjected to the oppression of a merciless enemy for centuries," was a unified and strong Soviet Turkishness "Highly valuable cultural element". He considered Turkishness “probably one of the most valuable and glorious races in the world”. Jansky also described national parallels between Germans and Turks as communities of victims: “The struggle of the Turks in Russia and the sacrifices they made for the high end can be done by the German people, who have experienced long years of humiliation and were then saved by their great leader, in order to finally experience very happy days in the last few years, fully understand and measure. I have been among those who strive to bring the greatness of Turkishness and its national mission closer to the German people in our century and I will always be. "

From 1940 Jansky taught Turkish and Modern Greek at the University for World Trade. From 1940 he also worked as an adjunct professor at the University of Vienna. When it came to filling the chair for Turkish Studies in Vienna in mid-1942 (Jansky’s competitor in this matter was Herbert W. Duda ), the National Socialist German Lecturer’s Association told the party chancellery that Jansky was considered “political [...] completely perfect. At that time he belonged to the national wing of the homeland security ”. His participation in the Pfrimer Putsch and the fact that in the summer of 1932 he "wore the swastika armband on his homeland security uniform with his national comrades" was positive . Also, the Office Rosenberg preferred Jansky because he "undoubtedly" applies more active against Duda as and Jansky "than a connoisseur of both the Turkish-English as well as Turkish-Bolshevik relationships holds, particularly economic relations, and that he particularly for this reason is to be assessed positively ”. In the end, however, the Reich Ministry of Science, Education and National Education prevailed over the party offices and gave Duda priority.

In a letter from Jansky to the main science office of the Führer (Amt Rosenberg) dated June 13, 1943, he informed him that the “close and other specialist colleagues in the lecturers' association” and the “Reichsführung of the SS” were already “lively interested” in him Work shown; In addition, Jansky informed the main office for science that he was "always available to you and all other departments who should value my cooperation to the extent desired". In fact, at the end of 1942, Duda had already delivered a negative opinion on Max Krause for the main science office on the question of filling the Sarajewo branch of the German Scientific Institute in Zagreb (Krause's competitor Karl Garbers ultimately prevailed here ). And as early as May 1943, Rosenberg's office had asked Sofia Jansky to prepare an expert opinion on Duda in connection with the occupation of the German Scientific Institute . Jansky’s report on Duda, drawn up a few days later, was clearly negative, but Duda was awarded the contract.

Towards the end of the war, Jansky belonged as head of the folklore department to the "Turkestan Working Group" of the German Oriental Society, which was founded at the end of 1944 at the instigation of SS Obersturmbannführer Reiner Olzscha .

After 1945 Jansky was again employed as a sworn court interpreter at the Higher Regional Court of Vienna. He also taught as a tit. associate professor, until 1968 at the University of Vienna. In 1962 he was a co-founder of the Orient Academy of the Hammer-Purgstall Society, where he taught until his death.

plant

Jansky's best-known works include his textbook on the Turkish language (1943) and his two-volume German-Turkish dictionary (1958/61). His work on Turkish dialectology, research into Turkish folk songs and Ottoman history is likely to be more scientifically significant. In this context, mention should be made of Crimean Tatar Chants (1930) and Bashkir Chants (1939), both sections of the multi-part work Chants of Russian Prisoners of War edited by Robert Lach , as well as Kazantat, Mischarean, West Siberian-Tatar, Nogaitarian, Turkmen-Tatar, Kyrgyz and Circassian-Tatar Chants in Volksgesänge von Peoples of Russia (1952), also published by Lach .

literature

  • Festschrift Herbert Jansky. Dedicated to his 70th birthday by his friends and students (= Viennese magazine for the customer of the Orient 62nd) Oriental Institute, Vienna 1969.
  • Anton C. Schaendlinger : Herbert Jansky (1898–1981) . In: Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 74, 1982, pp. 11-13.
  • Herbert Eisenstein . "Herbert Jansky". In: Archive for Orient Research 28 / 1981–1982. Pp. 278-279.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Anton C. Schaendlinger: Herbert Jansky (1898–1981) . In: Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 74, 1982, p. 11.
  2. ^ A b c d Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 495.
  3. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 179.
  4. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 38.
  5. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 337.
  6. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 381, there quoted from Jansky's Azerbaijan independence , in: Die Befreiung , Volume 1, 1939, No. 2, p. 36.
  7. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 347, there quoted from Jansky's Azerbaijan independence , in: Die Befreiung , Volume 1, 1939, No. 2, p. 36.
  8. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 404, there quoted from Jansky's Azerbaijan independence , in: Die Befreiung , Volume 1, 1939, No. 2, p. 37.
  9. ^ A b c Anton C. Schaendlinger: Herbert Jansky (1898–1981) . In: Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 74, 1982, p. 12.
  10. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 179, Ellinger quotes here from a letter from Borgers from the NSDDB to the party chancellery of June 1, 1942 (IfZ, MA 129/9, p. 54552).
  11. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 179, Ellinger quotes here from a letter from Amt Rosenberg employee Wolfgang Erxleben to the NSDAP party chancellery of October 31, 1942 (IfZ, MA 129/9, p . 54549)
  12. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 180; Ellinger cites IfZ, MA 129/9, Bl. 54560 and 54561.
  13. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 240.
  14. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 241.
  15. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 267.
personal data
SURNAME Jansky, Herbert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian scholar of Islam and Turkology
DATE OF BIRTH June 25, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1981
Place of death Vienna