Field mugwort

Field mugwort
	Field mugwort ( Artemisia campestris ), illustration
Systematics
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Anthemideae
Sub tribus :	Artemisiinae
Genre :	Artemisia
Type :	Field mugwort
Scientific name
	Artemisia campestris
	L.

The field mugwort ( Artemisia campestris ) is a species of the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

The field mugwort is a perennial plant with a heavily woody rhizome that forms many sterile leaf rosettes and flower stalks. The plants reach heights of (10 to) 20 to 80 (to 150) centimeters. They are prostrate to ascending. The stems are hairless or tomentose to silky and almost odorless.

The leaves do not wilt when they flower. The stalked basal leaves are two to three times irregularly pinnate with 1 millimeter wide, long prickly pointed tips. The lower stem leaves have a stem that is pierced at the base and are two to three pinnate. The upper stem leaves are sessile and partly undivided. Young leaves are silky and hairy, but later become bare.

Young flower heads

The entire inflorescence is loose and sparse with often one-sided, short-stalked, upright or protruding and only rarely nodding flower heads . The baskets are 2 to 3 (to 8) millimeters long and spherical to oblong-egg-shaped; the bracts are ovate, bare on the outside and green or often red and have a skin edge. The basket bottom is bare. The marginal flowers are feminine and fertile; the inner tubular florets are hermaphroditic, with the innermost often sterile. The corolla is yellow or reddish to reddish brown.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

ecology

The field mugwort is an evergreen chamaephyte . It is adapted to drought due to the roots reaching up to 1.5 m deep.

The flowers are pollinated by the wind, but pollination by insects is also said to occur. Flowering time is from August to October.

The fruits are paragliders with the permanent flower covering as a flying device. In addition, glue spreads through the pericarp, which becomes slimy with moisture. Fruit ripening is from August to September.

Occurrence

The mugwort occurs in Europe, in the temperate zones of Asia, in North Africa and in North America. It has a meridional to temperate, subcontinental area. It grows in dry grass , on dry, sandy ruderal sites and on dunes. Other populations occur in upper montane to alpine dwarf shrub heaths and nude lawns.

Systematics

Field mugwort ( Artemisia campestris )

Beach mugwort on the dunes of the Baltic Sea coast in Poland

Artemisia campestris subsp. glutinosa

Artemisia campestris was first described by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum in 1753 . Synonyms for Artemisia campestris are Artemisia caudata Michx. , Artemisia dniproica Klokov , Artemisia odoratissima Desf. , Artemisia sosnovskyi Novopokr. and Artemisia tschernieviana Besser .

The mugwort is a collective species with many forms, the subgroups of which are sometimes classified as species, subspecies or varieties. Schmeil-Fitschen (2001/2002) lists the following subspecies:

Artemisia campestris subsp. alpina (DC.) Arcang. : According to Schmeil-Fitschen, the distribution ranges from Switzerland to Styria; Fischer mentions this subspecies in a note on Artemisia borealis as a taxonomically unclear clan between Artemisia campestris and Artemisia borealis .
Artemisia campestris subsp. borealis H.M. Hall & Clem. : This subspecies is called Artemisia borealis Pall. guided. It inhabits dwarf shrub heaths in the Hohe Tauern .
Artemisia campestris subsp. campestris : Fishermen call this subspecies Artemisia campestris s. st. cited. It colonizes dry grasslands and rock steppes. It occurs in societies of the Festuco-Brometea and Sedo-Scleranthetea classes. The Austrian occurrences are common in the Pannonian Basin and otherwise rare. It can be found in all federal states except in Vorarlberg , where this subspecies is considered extinct. The variety Artemisia campestris var. Campestris has bare leaves.
Artemisia campestris subsp. lednicensis ( Spreng. ) Greuter & Raab-Straube : The distribution area is steppe lawns and dry slopes in the southern part of Germany. It is a character species of Artemisio lednicensis-Melicetum ciliatae from the association Seslerio-Festucion pallentis. In Fischer the variety Artemisia campestris var. Lednicensis is described with densely silky-felted leaves.
Artemisia campestris subsp. sericea Lemke & Rothm. : The home is the dunes of the Baltic Sea coast. Fischer regards this subspecies as a synonym for Artemisia campestris var. Lednicensis . According to Euro + Med it must be Artemisia campestris subsp. inodora Nyman are called and their distribution area ranges from Eastern Europe and Southeastern Europe to Turkey and Transcaucasia.

Further subspecies are:

Artemisia campestris subsp. bottnica childb . : It occurs in Sweden, Finland and Russia.
Artemisia campestris subsp. glutinosa (better) Batt. : It occurs in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya.
Artemisia campestris subsp. lempergii Sennen : It only occurs in France.
Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima (DC.) Arcang. : It occurs in Portugal, Spain, France and the Netherlands and is a neophyte in Belgium.
Artemisia campestris subsp. variabilis (ten.) Greuter : It occurs in Italy, Sardinia, Sicily and Tunisia.

Common names

In the German-speaking countries, the common names ambrosia herb, red mugwort, broom herb, field berry rice, field berry and small stick root are or were used for this plant species, sometimes only regionally .

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literature

Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 925 .
Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 945 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 116 .
^ ^A ^b Artemisia campestris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 846 ( digitized version ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore): Artemisia campestris. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube: Compositae. The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, 2006, accessed on March 25, 2012 (English).
^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 925 .
^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 43 (online).

Web links

Commons : Field mugwort - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Field mugwort. In: FloraWeb.de.
Field mugwort . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Artemisia campestris L. s. l. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
Thomas Meyer: Mugwort data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 945 .

[Düll2011-2] Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 116 .

[GRIN-3] A ^b Artemisia campestris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 17, 2018.

[SpPl-4] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 846 ( digitized version ).

[Euro+Med-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore): Artemisia campestris. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube: Compositae. The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, 2006, accessed on March 25, 2012 (English).

[ExkursionsfloraA2008-6] Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 925 .

[Pritzel-Jessen1882-7] Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 43 (online).