Gstättengasse and Ursulinenplatz
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The Gstättengasse is an alley in the left old city of Salzburg , by the Civic Hospital and the local Gstättentor to the elongated Ursulinenplatz before Klausentor leads. At the confluence of Griesgasse at the end of Gstättengasse facing the old town, a square-like extension forms, Anton-Neumayr-Platz .
history
About the name
The name Gstätten goes back to an hereditary word in German and is ultimately derived from Middle High German gestat = Gestade, Ufer . The place is first mentioned in a document in 1417 in the form on the Gestetten . The Salzach was not regulated here before 1862, the river constantly changed its course and its river bed. In the Middle Ages, the road ran directly along the banks of the Salzach and has been protected by a heavy quay wall since the Baroque period . The Staden was a well-known term in southern Germany that stood for a paved riverside road. The Gstättengasse was one of those in a distinct form.
City history and meaning
Located between the historical fortifications of Gstätten- and Klausentor, “die Gstätten” is the only connection to the suburb of Mülln . The street there from the Left Old Town has been the most important arterial road to the north and west since the early Middle Ages.
After the Inner and Outer Stein and the Inner Nonntal , the Gstättengasse area is probably the oldest suburb of the city of Salzburg, which quickly developed into a closed structure along the Mönchsberg after 1480 from individual barns and small, isolated and largely wooden houses .
The first houses were built here after 1400, but it was only after 1480 that larger masonry buildings were allowed to be built. The road was then largely built up on the mountain side by the end of the 16th century. Craftsmen lived and worked here, primarily hat makers, loden producers , bakers and locksmiths.
Today, between the Rudolfskai / Müllner Hauptstrasse street on the Salzach side and the Salzach, there is still the so-called Rotkreuz car park and the Franz-Josef-Kai, which were gained through the Salzach regulations in the 1860s.
The rock fall of 1669
The Gstättengasse, located directly on the cliff edge of the Mönchsberg, has been threatened by rockfalls and rock falls since the Middle Ages. On July 16, 1669, large parts of the rock face of the Mönchsberg loosened in a severe rock fall and destroyed most of the buildings built directly onto the rock; the Markuskirche , the old hospital of the Barmherzigen Brüder (Seminarium Alumnorum) , the Liebfrauen-Kapelle as well as 13 houses in the Gstättengasse. 230 people were killed. Many of these dead were Salzburg residents who wanted to help rescue the injured and dead, but were killed themselves by a subsequent rock fall. Since then, mountain cleaners have been knocking down the steep mountainside twice a year on behalf of the state capital's municipal authorities to check the consistency of the rock and remove loose rock.
Gstättentor and Klausentor - two old Salzburg city gates
The Gstättentor at the inner end of the Gstättengasse existed as the city boundary to the northwest from around 1000 AD and was one of the three most important Salzburg city gates alongside the Nonntaltor (Erentrudistor) and the Ostertor in Linzer Gasse . Since 1367 it has been called Inneres Gstättentor or Inner Klause . After the weir system was badly damaged in a fire, it was rebuilt in a representative form by Markus Sittikus von Hohenems in 1618. Since then, the gate has also been known as the grinding gate because of the former polishing mill nearby .
The Klausentor at the outer end of Ursulinenplatz existed as a simple fortified gate in front of the Gstättentor since around 1250. Markus Sittikus expanded this gate in 1612 at the expense of the city administration. During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) this gate was located under the Humboldt Cavalier ( Humboldt Terrace ) and, as it was guarded by the weir system of the Müllner Schanze , was one of the city's particularly well-secured gates.
On August 13, 2020, a two-axle truck drove Wechselkoffer in inhabited in 2 levels Klausentor that roamed overhead line for the trolley and stopped. The suitcase and cargo caught fire at the top due to the short circuit and were extinguished by the fire brigade; the line broke. Traffic signs in front of the right-angled Klausentor limit vehicle dimensions to 3.70 m high and 2.55 m wide.
Ursulinenplatz and Anton-Neumayr-Platz
The two ends of Gstättengasse are Anton-Neumayr-Platz on the city side and Ursulinenplatz on the outskirts.
The Anton Neumayr Square is decorated with a historic fountain along with a Marian column. In this square there the underground running urban arm of was Almkanal 2004 by architect Will Lankmayr exposed by an illuminated slit.
The Ursulinenplatz - surrounded by the Ursuline Church, a row of houses on the Mönchsberg, Klausentor and a small park facing the Salzach - can be considered quite attractive, but as the square itself, in its cramped location, it only serves the traffic.
The work of art “ Mozart - A Hommage ” by the German artist Markus Lüpertz has stood in front of the Ursuline Church since 2005 .
Well-known houses on Gstättengasse and Ursulinenplatz
The houses on Gstättengasse and Ursulinenplatz merge seamlessly on the Mönchsberg side. Before 1961, Ursulinenplatz itself was still part of Gstättengasse. (For the Ursuline or Markus Church including the monastery and the House of Nature, see there.)
- The locksmith's house
- (Gstättengasse 3) The house was built as a brick building shortly after 1488 and is one of the oldest houses in front of the Gstättentor. Only after 1480, when the new defensive ring with a strong defense structure at the Klausentor was completed, masonry structures were allowed to be erected here. In addition to a locksmith who gave his name, hat makers and bakers lived in the house from time to time. Because of the nearby polishing mill on the Almkanal, the house was also called "first on the ditch against the Schleifmühl am Perg" in 1488.
- The "oldest bakery in Salzburg"
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- (Gstättengasse 4) This house has, in excellent condition, the oldest surviving shop in the old town - contrary to the inscription, it was never the oldest bakery in Salzburg, the monastery bakery (Pfisterei) St. Peter is significantly older (see Kapitelplatz ). The pressed arched niche is broken through by a shop window and a door. The original late medieval sales table can be found under the window on the street side, which, like the two benches on both sides, is covered with a marble slab. Inside the house, too, the layout of the late medieval commercial enterprise is well preserved. The shop, which was used for bakery products for centuries until around 1995, shows that the buyer was usually served from the alley.
- Summer hat maker house Salzburg
- (Gstättengasse 5) From 1422 until the 19th century, hat makers almost always lived in this house. The originally wooden and small house, now a splendidly renovated town house, was first mentioned as early as 1377. The facade has window framed windows and a hipped roof with a surrounding ditch. The medallion pictures with their baroque frames depicting Saints Francis and Anthony were probably added in the 19th century. The cultural lexicon "Dehio" lists the town house of the Wagner-Schöppl-Schaumburg-Lippe family as a historical monument (1377). The well-tended property is part of a much-photographed tourist attraction in Salzburg's old town. It is said that Saints Anthony and Francis on the facade grant wishes.
- Butcher house
- (Gstättengasse 6) The house is also called Ledererhaus or Färberhaus and has a rectangular portal with stone overlay on the gstättengasse side. The facade dates from the second half of the 18th century.
- Gstättengasse 8
- The Stiegl Brewery was first mentioned in a document in 1492 in the Gstätten . This "dwelling, Hoffstatt and Preuhauß" was where the health department was until recently. In 1528 the name “Prew am Stiegl” appears for the first time (also “Brew bei der Stiegen auf der Gstetten”). The small, eponymous staircase there led down to the nearest urban arm of the Alm Canal. Until around 1850 this brewery was one of the smaller brewery inns in Salzburg.
- Hatter house
- (Gstättengasse 9) The house has an oval blessing image with Maria Immaculata on the globe and a well-preserved moat roof between the second and third floors .
- Mönchsberglift valley station
- (Gstättengasse 13) The old house is first mentioned in 1408. In 1890 the house was completely rebuilt as the valley station of the new electric elevator that led up the mountain in front of the Mönchsbergfels and only remained as a heavily modified facade. It was not until 1948 that the lift was moved into the mountain, the house became habitable again and the facade more closely aligned with the surrounding houses. The colorful, large-scale mosaics by the Russian-German artist Meyendorff (around 1950) in the entrance hall are remarkable: “Am Stein, 1818” and “Stadtansicht im Jahr 1553”.
- Stockhamer houses
- (Gstättengasse 25–37) The shape of these houses is still clearly visible today. All of these houses have a basket arch portal in the central axis and round-arched ground floor windows. They were built jointly by Bräuer zum Stern, Georg Stockhamer, after the devastating rock fall of 1669, and then sold individually.
- Ursulinenplatz 3
- In place of this house was the Bergl Church (Berglkirche) until the rock fall in 1669. After the accident, Archbishop Max Gandolf von Kuenburg built a new church here using the remains of the previous building. It had a baroque street facade and a copper-clad domed tower. The interior decoration of the church was carried out under Max Gandolf's successor, Johann Ernst von Thun . After the church was profaned around 1800, the hat maker Hodes bought the house and redesigned the church as a residential building. This work was probably carried out by the then well-known master builder Laschensky.
- Nagelschmiedhaus
- (Ursulinenplatz 6) Martin Gravenauer probably built this house around 1553, which is why it was also known for a long time as "Grafenauerische Habausung". It was not hit by the landslide in 1669, making it older than most of the surrounding houses.
- Winch maker house
- (Ursulinenplatz 7) This house is essentially late Gothic and, like the neighboring house, has a typical house blessing.
The Marienbrunnen
A good two decades after the great rock fall of 1669, Johann Ernst von Thun arranged for the house, which stood in the place of the Brunnenplatz, not to be rebuilt, but for the room to be redesigned as a square. Therefore, he bought the local "Grainerische Gärtl" including the remains of the house. There the new square and the new water dispenser were created. The fountain with its six-sided basin resembles the simplified plan of a market fountain. As with the Florianibrunnen on the Alter Markt, a spiral grille closes the upper edge of the fountain. In 1692 Hans Schwäbel was commissioned to design the marble figure of the Virgin. The figure of Mary with the child in her arms looks protectively at the rock face, which two decades after the rock fall still looked very threatening and unpredictable. The Tuscan fountain column is provided with two lion masks. Below is a grapevine on the eastern side as a symbol of the Christian Eucharist. On the western side facing the mountain there is a pumpkin with a leaf under the lion's head. Because of the resemblance of the gourd, hollowed out by the many seeds, to a uterus, it is also a symbol of fertility and resurrection. A walnut hangs next to it. According to Augustine (354-430 AD) the nut is seen both as a symbol of man and as a symbol of Christ. In popular belief, walnut also stands for fertility. The coat of arms of the Prince Archbishop adorns the edge of the fountain.
literature
- Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet u. a .: The art monuments of Austria - SALZBURG city and country. Verlag Schroll Vienna, 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2
- Josef Hübl: Local history of the city of Salzburg. Verlag Salzburger Druckerei, Salzburg 1965
- FW Zillner: History of the City of Salzburg. In: special volumes of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies. Salzburg 1885
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Etymological dictionary of German , compiled under the direction of Wolfgang Pfeifer, 7th edition, dtv, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-423-32511-9 .
- ^ Franz Hörburger : Salzburg Place Name Book , edited by Ingo Reiffenstein and Leopold Ziller, ed. from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , Salzburg 1982, p. 106.
- ↑ See view of the Ursuline monastery in Salzburg, collection of engravings by Anton Danreiter, around 1750 - Entry on Ursuline monastery (Salzburg) in the Austria Forum (view of the new Ursuline monastery, Fischer von Erlach's St. Mönchsberg)
- ↑ Mülln: Truck gets stuck in Klausentor orf.at, August 13, 2020, August 13, 2020.
- ↑ North view of Klausentor with street view panels , taken in June 2019, accessed August 13, 2020. - 3.70 m high, 2.55 m wide.
Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 7.9 ″ N , 13 ° 2 ′ 18 ″ E