Flatiron Building
| Flatiron Building | |
|---|---|
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| Flatiron Building in September 2004. | |
| Basic data | |
| Place: | New York , USA |
| Opening: | 1902 |
| Status : | Built |
| Architectural style : | Renaissance Revival |
| Architect : | Daniel Hudson Burnham |
| Architects : | Daniel Burnham, Fredrick Dinkelerg |
| Use / legal | |
| Usage : | office |
| Technical specifications | |
| Height : | 91 m |
| Height to the roof: | 91 m |
| Floors : | 22nd |
| Building material : | Structure: steel |
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The Flatiron Building (German "Iron Building ", also Fuller Building ) is a high-rise built in 1902 at the intersection of Fifth Avenue , Broadway and 23rd Street in the Flatiron District of Manhattan named after him . Due to its unusual wedge shape, the 91 meter high building is one of the landmarks of New York City .
history
Property
The hotelier Amos Eno acquired the developed land in 1857. He demolished a hotel there and built a seven-story apartment building on the southern part of the property. Since the rest of the building only had three floors, Eno rented the northern facade of his apartment building as advertising space. A screen was later mounted there on which messages and images were projected. After Eno's death in 1899, his fortune was liquidated. One of his sons bought the property and sold it to Samuel and Mort Newhouse, who wanted to build a new building there.
Fuller Company
The plans of the newhouses could not be implemented, so they sold the property on to the Cumberland Realty Company in 1902. Cumberland partnered with the Fuller Company, one of the first general contractors in the construction industry to specialize in high-rise buildings. The aim was to build a high-rise that would serve as the Fuller Company's new headquarters. Fuller's CEO Harry S. Black commissioned Chicago architect Daniel Hudson Burnham with the design.
architecture
Burnham designed a building atypical for New York that has no protruding base construction and influences of Neo-Renaissance and Beaux-Arts architecture . The building was constructed in steel frame in 1902 and clad with terracotta from Staten Island . One "- to take advantage of the acute land optimally, the triangular floor plan of the building was chosen from his high, narrow wedge shape yielded Iron Building " ( English : flatiron, speckled .: flatiron = flatiron, iron.) . The narrow side at the intersection is only two meters wide. The unusually narrow width of this side is also one of the reasons for the design as an early steel construction, as conventional masonry would have had to be very thick for structural reasons on the lower floors, which would have resulted in less usable space inside the structure.
The aerodynamic shape of the building leads to strong air currents in the adjacent streets. The skirts of passers-by were blown up by the wind. The police had to repeatedly evict men who were in the building to look under the women's skirts.
In November 1979, the Flatiron Building was entered on the National Register of Historic Places . In June 1989 it was recognized as a National Historic Landmark .
Ownership
The Fuller Company, now part of the US Realty Company, sold the building in 1925 for $ 2 million to a community of investors founded by Lewis Rosenbaum. The latter could no longer pay the installments on her loan with the Equitable Life Insurance Company in 1933. After the building could not be sold at auction, it became the property of the creditor. Equitable went through some modernizations and was able to rent it out completely by the mid-1940s. In 1946 Equitable sold the Flatiron Building to Flatiron Associates, a group of investors led by Harry Helmsey. Until 1997 some of the investors sold a total of 52% of the shares in Newmark Knight-Frank, Helmsey managed the building. Shortly thereafter, his widow sold the remaining shares in Newmark.
use
The Fuller Company used the 19th floor as its headquarters until 1910 when it moved to another building on Broadway. From 1916 to 1929 the company was again based in the Flatiron Building. Other tenants included publishers, insurance companies, and small businesses. Various restaurants and retail companies are located in the base building. During the First World War, the US Navy had a recruiting office in the building. Macmillan Publishers, a company of the Georg von Holtzbrinck publishing group , later moved in and had its North American headquarters there until 2019. The building is to be extensively renovated and modernized by around mid-2020.
Trivia
The building plays a role in My Bride Is Psychic (1958), Reds (1981), and is the editorial office of the Daily Bugle in the films Spider-Man , Spider-Man 2 and Spider-Man 3 . On the narrow side of the building there is a neon advertisement with the name of the newspaper. In the television series Veronica , it is the headquarters of the fashion company Veronica's Closet . In Godzilla (1998), the US Army destroyed the building in an attempt to hunt down Godzilla. In Will Eisner's comic The Building , the Flatiron serves as a template for a building that is being demolished and replaced by a modern high-rise.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Note flatiron = iron, flat iron. What was meant at the time was higher than - on the narrow side - wide iron made of cast iron, with a hinged lid, for filling with glowing coal and side ventilation slots.
- ↑ a b c d Alice Sparberg Alexiou: The Flatiron: the New York landmark and the incomparable city that arose with it. Thomas Dunne / St. Martin's, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-312-38468-5 .
- ↑ Goldberger 1981: 38 note 3: Andrew S. Dolkart. "The Architecture and Development of New York City: The Birth of the Skyscraper - Romantic Symbols," Columbia University
- ^ Flatiron Building in the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed August 19, 2019.
- ↑ Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: New York. National Park Service , accessed August 19, 2019.
- ↑ nytimes.com
Coordinates: 40 ° 44 ′ 28 " N , 73 ° 59 ′ 23" W.