Flavobacterium branchiophilum
| Flavobacterium branchiophilum | ||||||||||||
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| Flavobacterium branchiophilum | ||||||||||||
| (Wakabayashi et al. 1989) Bernardet et al. 1996. |
Flavobacterium branchiophilum is a type of bacteria . It is a pathogen in trout .
features
Appearance
The colonies in an Anacker Ordal Agar are colored yellow and round, convex with a well-defined border. The production of yellow pigments is typical for the genus. The cells are rod-shaped with rounded ends, the length is between 5 and 8 µm and the width is 0.5 µm. Filamentous forms also occur, the length here is between 15 and 40 µm. Spheroplasts appear in older cultures , which is typical for many species of the genus Flavobacterium . The bacterium is immobile, it has no flagella and there is also no gliding motility . The sliding movement can be observed in many other species of the genus. In the first descriptions of the genus , Flavobacterium branchiophilum was described as the only bacterium in the genus that does not move smoothly. In the course of time, however, many other species have been described that are also not able to move with the help of a sliding movement, such as F. antarcticum , F. degerlachei and F. frigidarium
Growth and metabolism
There is no reduction from nitrate to nitrite . Growth takes place at temperatures between 5 and 30 ° C, best growth takes place at 18 to 25 ° C. A sodium chloride content of 0 to 0.2% is tolerated. As is typical for the species, the indole test is negative and the catalase test is positive. Casein , gelatin and starch are broken down by hydrolysis , but aesculin cleavage is not carried out. Tests for the breakdown of chitin and the urease test are also negative. Polysorbates and tyrosine , however, are used. Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid granules are not formed.
Chemotaxonomic Features
The species Flavobacterium branchiophilum is Gram-negative . The GC content in the DNA is 29 to 31%, according to other investigations it is 33 - 34%.
Systematics
Flavobacterium branchiophilum belongs to the family of Flavobacteriaceae , which in turn belongs to the class Bacteroidetes .
Was first described the way in 1989 by H. Wakabayashi and first nor as Flavobacterium branchiophila named the species was in the following year in 1990 due to the rules of nomenclature of bacteria, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria in branchiophilum Flavobacterium renamed.
etymology
The genus name Flavobacterium is based on the Latin word "Bacterium" (bacterium) and the Latin word "flavus", which means yellow. The latter refers to the colors of the colonies, which in many species range from light yellow to very pronounced yellow. The species name F. branchiophylum is composed of the Greek word "branchion" (gill) and the Latin word "philum" (love, friend) and refers to the pathogenic property of this species, it attacks the gills of different fish species.
Veterinary medicine
Flavobacterium branchiophilum is pathogenic for trout , it is the cause of bacterial gill disease . This disease occurs in commercial fish farms and can be dangerous there; it is not known to be a problem in natural, wild fish populations. In the genus Flavobacterium , several bacteria are pathogenic for fish, examples are F. columnare , F. hydatis , F. johnsoniae and F. psychrophilum .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-95042-6 .
- ↑ a b c d e Martin Dworkin et al. (Ed.) The Prokaryotes. A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . Volume 7, Springer, New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-387-33493-6 .
- ↑ a b H. Wakabayashi, J. Huh, N. Kimura: Flavobacterium branchiophila sp. nov. a Causative Agent of Bacterial Gill Disease of Freshwater Fishes. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology , Vol. 39, No. 3, 1989, pp. 213-216. doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-39-3-213
- ↑ Systematics according to JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) - Flavobacterium
- ↑ Clifford E. Starliper: Bacterial coldwater disease of fishes caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum In: Journal of Advanced Research , Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2011, pp. 97-108. link
literature
- Martin Dworkin et al. (Ed.) The Prokaryotes. A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . Volume 7, Springer, New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-387-33493-6 .
- Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-95042-6 .