Formerly Speedwell

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Formerly Speedwell
Formerly speedwell (Veronica praecox)

Formerly speedwell ( Veronica praecox )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Plantain family (Plantaginaceae)
Tribe : Veroniceae
Genre : Speedwell ( Veronica )
Type : Formerly Speedwell
Scientific name
Veronica praecox
Alles.

The early speedwell ( Veronica praecox ), also early flowering speedwell , is a species of plant in the plantain family (Plantaginaceae).

description

Habit, leaves and flowers
Habitus
Cover sheets, top: top, bottom: bottom
Inflorescence with flowers
Stalked capsule fruits and the four durable sepals
Fruit, anterior sepals removed

Vegetative characteristics

The early speedwell is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 3 to 20 centimeters. The upright stem, which is usually multi-branched in the lower half, is densely hairy with glands.

The lower foliage leaves are stalked, the upper ones are often sessile and irregularly serrated bluntly and with scattered hairs. The simple leaf blades are wide-oval to almost triangular with a length of up to 15 millimeters and a width of about 10 millimeters.

Generative characteristics

The early speedwell blooms mainly from March to May. 10 to 20 flowers sit together in loose, spiked inflorescences .

The hermaphroditic flowers have a double flower envelope . The relatively small corolla with a diameter of 4 to 6 millimeters is azure to light blue in color. With a length of 1 to 2 millimeters, the stylus is about two to three times as long as the edge of the fruit.

The fruit stalks are usually upright, are usually a little longer than the calyx tips and almost as long as the bracts. The capsule fruit is round, puffy and slightly squared. The yellowish to red-brown seeds are about 1.4 millimeters long, about 1 millimeter wide and about 0.35 millimeters thick.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The early speedwell is a shallow root ; it is only rooted to about 15 centimeters deep.

Occurrence

Veronica praecox is widespread from southern central Europe to southern Europe and to central and southern Russia and occurs from North Africa to the Middle East . It is a sub-Mediterranean floral element . It is quite rare in Central Europe.

In Austria it occurs scattered in the Pannonian area , otherwise rarely. In Switzerland it is rarely found in Valais . In Germany it is very scattered to rare; it is missing in northwest Germany, among other places.

The early speedwell grows in dry grass and on sand fields. It prefers more or less dry, mostly calcareous, sandy loam or sand soils . He loves warmth. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Alysso-Sedion association, but also occurs in gappy societies of the Festuco-Brometea class or in the sand fields of the Aperion spicae-venti association. In the Allgäu , the early honorary award has appeared as a "railway plant" in the small gravel between tracks in train stations since around 1960 .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Dimitri Hartl: Scrophulariaceae. Dimitri Hartl, Gerhard Wagenitz (Ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd, completely revised edition. Volume VI. Part 1: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 4 (1) (Scrophulariaceae - Plantaginaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1974, ISBN 3-446-10471-2 , pp. 178–180 (published in deliveries 1965–1974).
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  840 .
  3. ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Plantaginaceae. : Datasheet Veronica praecox In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 453.

Web links

Commons : Formerly speedwell ( Veronica praecox )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files