Francesco Brioschi

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Francesco Brioschi
Delle traverse oblique alla direzione di un corso d'acqua (1866)

Francesco Brioschi (born December 22, 1824 in Milan , † December 13, 1897 ibid) was an Italian mathematician who had a decisive organizational influence on mathematics in Italy in the 19th century.

life and work

Brioschi attended the University of Padua , where he received his doctorate in 1845 under Antonio Bordoni (1789-1860) and studied in particular the works of Joseph-Louis Lagrange and Augustin-Louis Cauchy . From 1852 to 1861 he taught applied mathematics (including mechanics, astronomy, architecture) at the University of Padua. In 1858 he attended the universities of Paris , Göttingen and Berlin with Enrico Betti from Pisa and his student Felice Casorati . The meeting with Bernhard Riemann in Göttingen was particularly momentous. With Betti he began to translate his work and to give lectures on his theories. This is often seen as the beginning of the independent Italian development in mathematics in the 19th century, with a special focus on algebraic geometry. Even before Italian unification, Count Cavour (like Giuseppe Verdi ) appointed him to a committee for teaching reform in 1859 , which was supposed to have an effect similar to the Humboldt reforms in Prussia.

In 1861/62 he was State Secretary in the Ministry of Education and in 1863 he founded the Polytechnic in Milan, where he was Professor of Mathematics and Hydraulics and Rector until the end of his life. His hydraulic engineering lectures were particularly fruitful when, on the initiative of the Rector of the Polytechnic Giuseppe Colombo (1836–1921), a student of Brioschi, who also learned from Edison , the first electric hydropower plants in Europe were built in northern Italy in 1883. As a hydraulic engineer, he was involved in work to regulate the Po and Tiber , the floods of which regularly caused great damage. He also remained politically active in reforming the school system. In 1865 he became an Italian senator .

Brioschi wrote a book on the theory of determinants in 1854 and a four-volume work on the invariant theory of binary quadratic forms from 1858 to 1861. In 1858 he gave a solution to the fifth degree equation with elliptic functions (around the same time Leopold Kronecker gave a solution). He also examined the solution of the sixth degree equation and proved that the solution of special sixth degree equations with hyperelliptic functions that Heinrich Maschke achieved in 1888 can be extended to all sixth degree equations. He also wrote an edition of Euclid for Italian schools and edited the Codex Atlanticus by Leonardo da Vinci . From 1867 to 1877 he published the Annali di matematica pura e applicata , which he made into a mathematical journal that is respected in Europe. In 1869 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1870 he became a member of the Accademia dei Lincei , whose president he became in 1884. In 1874 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . From 1880 he was a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences , from 1881 of the Prussian Academy of Sciences , from 1884 of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg and from 1895 of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

Other of his PhD students besides Casorati were Eugenio Beltrami (1856) and Luigi Cremona (1853).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ as well as the first European power station in Milan in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral
  2. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 50.
  3. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter B. Académie des sciences, accessed on September 27, 2019 (French).
  4. ^ Members of the previous academies. Francesco Brioschi. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 2, 2015 .
  5. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Francesco Brioschi. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 5, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Member entry of Francesco Brioschi at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on December 22, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Brioschi, Francesco
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH December 22, 1824
PLACE OF BIRTH Milan
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 1897
Place of death Milan