Franz Stuhlmann

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Franz Stuhlmann

Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann (born October 29, 1863 in Hamburg ; † November 19, 1928 there ) was a German zoologist and Africa explorer .

Life

Franz Stuhlmann was born on October 29, 1863 in Hamburg, the son of an architect. After attending secondary school, he studied natural sciences in Hamburg, Tübingen and Freiburg . During this time he also did his military service. In October 1886 he reached the rank of Second Lieutenant of the Reserve in the 5th Baden Infantry Regiment No. 113 . With a zoological thesis on the eel mother , he received his doctorate in the same year. phil. In 1887 he continued his studies at the Zoological Institute in Kiel until he got an assistant position with the zoology professor Karl Semper at the University of Würzburg . Inspired by the curriculum vitae of his professor, who had undertaken extensive study trips to the Philippines and Indonesia in the years 1858–1865, and through family connections to the Hamburg trading company Hansing & Co. with branches in East Africa, Stuhlmann did not just want to become a university professor through his habilitation but also prove themselves through research trips.

With financial support from the Berlin Academy of Sciences , he set out for East Africa in February 1888 with the aim of exploring the lower animal world. On site he carried out research on Zanzibar , on the opposite mainland coast and at the mouth of the Zambezi . In mid-1889 he worked on Zanzibar and the coastal towns of Pangani and Bagamoyo . The so-called Arab uprising , which took place in September 1888 , gave him the opportunity to take part in an assault at Mlembule as a reserve lieutenant and volunteer . He suffered a leg shot injury on January 4, 1890. After recovery he had the opportunity as a lieutenant and naturalist to take part in an expedition by Emin Pasha to the sea region of East Africa. The expedition started on April 26, 1890 in Bagamoyo with seven Germans, 150 Askaris and 400 porters. After a smallpox epidemic, he had to continue the healthy participants from Undussuma near Lake Albert . After waiting in vain for Emin Pasha, he continued his journey to the coast.

Franz Stuhlmann returned after 26 months, on July 12, 1892, from the expedition to Bagamoyo. The following day he suffered a collapse in health from the previous exertions. From this trip he brought two young African women and valuable cartographic material to Germany. The African women were put on public display as "Acca dwarfs from Central Africa". A map of German East Africa was created from the cartographic material . After his recovery he traveled back to Europe, where he received various honors for his achievements. His botanical, zoological, ethnological and geographical material collected during the expedition found its expression in 1894 in his 901-page book "With Emin Pascha in the heart of Africa". In order to keep Franz Stuhlmann in colonial service, he was employed as an “off-budget officer with captain's rank for cartographic and scientific research”. On December 18, 1893, he began his service in German East Africa. From 1900 to 1901 he traveled to British and Dutch India in order to be able to evaluate the experience gained at the test stations for agriculture in German East Africa. He returned to Dar es Salaam on June 2, 1901 . In 1903 Franz Stuhlmann was appointed director of the biological-agricultural institute in Amani / German East Africa in the eastern Usambara mountains . His reputation grew with the success of the institute. In 1905/06 the physician Robert Koch stayed with him , who dealt with investigations into sleeping sickness . The explorer of Rwanda and later Imperial Resident there , Richard Kandt , also stayed with him for several weeks. During the absence of the governor of German East Africa Gustav Adolf von Götzen in 1904/05, Franz Stuhlmann was his deputy.

After a home leave, he returned to East Africa for the last time on December 12, 1906. At the beginning of 1908, Stuhlmann's unfit for service in the tropics was determined and so he returned to his hometown Hamburg that same year . Despite his health restrictions, substantial parts of his 907-page book “Contributions to the cultural history of East Africa”, published in 1909, were created in Amani in 1907 (subtitle: “General considerations and studies on the introduction and economic importance of useful plants and domestic animals with special consideration of German East Africa "). Multiple malaria , five blackwater fever , rheumatic pain, neuritis and polyneuritis had shattered the 45-year-old's health and recommended that he return to Europe permanently. He found his new sphere of activity in 1908 in the Colonial Institute in Hamburg, which was supposed to train colonial officials and document scientific findings and economic colonial endeavors. In 1910 he retired on application. In 1921 a new civil service followed. He became director of the successor institute of the Colonial Institute, the Hamburg World Economic Archive . In November 1928, symptoms of colon cancer were diagnosed in the 65-year-old Stuhlmann. Only a few days after an operation that went well, he died on November 19, 1928 of heart failure. He found his final resting place in the cemetery in Hamburg-Ohlsdorf.

Works

Fort of Bagamoyo , around 1890.
  • Report on a trip in the hinterland of Bagamoyo, in Ukami and Uluguru. Messages from explorers and scholars from the German protected areas, 7 (1894) s. a. http://edocs.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2007/9171/
  • Zoological results of a trip to the coastal areas of East Africa 1888-90 (1893-1901)
  • With Emin Pascha into the heart of Africa (1894)
  • Contributions to the cultural history of East Africa (1909)
  • Crafts and industry in East Africa: cultural history Reflections (1910) online at archive.org

Awards and prizes (selection)

literature

  • Reinhart Bindseil: Franz Stuhlman, born in Hamburg in 1863, died there in 1928, zoologist and Africa researcher , vol. 12, contributions to colonial history, traditional association of former protection and overseas troops, 2008.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Reinhart Bindseil: Franz Stuhlmann (1863-1928) , Halle / Saale 2008, ISBN 978-3-86634-509-6
  2. ↑ Who is it . VI. Output. Leipzig: Degener, 1912, p. 1594 f.
  3. ↑ Joachim Zeller: Berlin: Exhibition of "Akkazwerginnen aus Centralafrika" 1893, in: Ulrich van der Heyden and Joachim Zeller (eds.): Colonialism here in Germany - A search for traces in Germany. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-86680-269-8 , pp. 427-431.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Stuhlmann, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stuhlmann, Franz Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German zoologist and an Africa explorer
DATE OF BIRTH October 29, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH November 19, 1928
Place of death Hamburg