Franciscan Reformates

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Franciscan Reformates (OFMRef, from Latin reformare "restore"), Ordo Fratrum Minorum Reformatorum or Ordo Fratrum Minorum Strictioris Observantiae (Order of the Friars Minor of Strict Observance ), formed a reform branch of the Franciscan Order from the 16th to the end of the 19th century .

Emergence

The reformate movement arose after the order was divided into the conventuals (Minorites) and the Observants (Franciscans) in 1517, as well as the break-away of the Capuchins in 1528 within the observant direction. There several brothers advocated an even stricter reform of religious life in the sense of the rule of the order of the founder Francis of Assisi , especially Bernhardin of Asti and Franciscus of Jesi, but they soon joined the Capuchin order.

From the 1530s onwards, the core of the reform in Italy and Spain were “collection houses”, houses of collection and contemplation, into which brothers willing to reform could retreat and which arose in numerous religious provinces. With their contemplative form of religious life and their stricter exercise of asceticism, they became successful models of reform, but led to the independence of the reform branches in the order. There was resistance and polemics in the order as a whole, which both sides fought out through pamphlets. The Reformats enjoyed the support of the Milanese Cardinal Charles Borromeo , who endeavored for a moral renewal of the Catholic Church after the Reformation ; Pope Clement VII granted the branch of the order partial independence in the Franciscan order, Pope Clement VIII approved 1600 separate general statutes and Pope Gregory XV. allowed the election of his own vicar general. With the other two branches of the Franciscan observance movement, the Alcantarines or Discalceates in Spain and the Franciscan recollects in Western and Northern Europe (Spain, France, Belgium, Germany, England, Ireland), the Reformates were subordinate to a single Minister General . They had 19,000 members in 37 provinces by the end of the 18th century.

The Reformats came from Northern Italy to Tyrol, Austria, Bavaria and Poland. The seven Franciscan convents in Bavaria formed a custody of the Strasbourg Franciscan Province (Provincia Argentina) ; This custody was raised in 1625 by Pope Urban VIII to an independent order province, the Bavarian Franciscan Province of St. Antonius (Bavaria) , and was thus the first Reformate Province in the Franciscan order at all.

The Reformates had to forego all income from foundations, and the prayer times for choral prayer were observed more strictly than in the non-Reformed convents.

In the 19th century the differences between the branches of the order were put into perspective, so that Pope Leo XIII. with his bull Felicitate quadam of October 4, 1897, they united them into a uniform order, the Ordo Fratrum Minorum with uniform general statutes (Unio Leonina) . The German Aloys Lauer from the province of Thuringia became the first general minister after the union . From 1903 onwards some brothers fought the Unio Leonina and got Pope Pius X through that the Reformate provinces in Italy were spun off from the Union again; the Minister General Dionysius Schuler had to resign from his office in 1911 because of these quarrels. The outsourcing of the Reformate provinces was by Pope Pius XII. reversed.

Monasteries

The Bavarian Franciscan Province was a Reformate Province from 1625 to 1897 with the following monasteries:

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Suso Frank : Recollections houses . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 8 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1999, Sp. 1026 .
  2. ^ Karl Suso Frank: Reformats . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 8 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1999, Sp. 929 . , also to the whole.
  3. ↑ Raynald Wagner: On the history of the Bavarian Franciscan Province from 1625 to 1802. In: Bayerische Franziskanerprovinz (Hrsg.): 1625 - 2010. The Bavarian Franciscan Province. From its beginnings until today. Furth 2010, pp. 6–29, here pp. 11–14.
  4. ↑ Raynald Wagner: On the history of the Bavarian Franciscan Province from 1625 to 1802. In: Bayerische Franziskanerprovinz (Hrsg.): 1625 - 2010. The Bavarian Franciscan Province. From its beginnings until today. Furth 2010, pp. 6–29, here p. 12.
  5. ^ Herbert Schneider : The Franciscans in the German-speaking area. Life and goals. Dietrich-Coelde-Verlag, Werl 1988, pp. 61-87.
  6. ^ Karl Suso Frank: Reformats . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 8 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1999, Sp. 929 .
  7. ^ Karl Suso Frank: Schuler, Dionysius . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 9 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, Sp. 295 .
  8. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 715 f .
  9. ↑ Raynald Wagner: On the history of the Bavarian Franciscan Province from 1625 to 1802. In: Bayerische Franziskanerprovinz (Hrsg.): 1625 - 2010. The Bavarian Franciscan Province. From its beginnings until today. Furth 2010, pp. 6–29, here pp. 11–19.