Fratelli d'Italia (party)
| Fratelli d'Italia | |
|
|
| Party executive |
Giorgia Meloni (Presidente) Guido Crosetto (Coordinator) |
| founding | December 21, 2012 (emerged from: Il Popolo della Libertà ) |
| ideology |
Nationalism Sovereignty EU skepticism Right-wing populism |
| European party | EKR |
| EP Group | EKR |
| MPs |
35/630 |
| Senators |
18/315 |
| MEPs |
6/76 |
| Headquarters |
 Rome , Via di San Teodoro 20 |
| Website | fratelli-italia.it |
Fratelli d'Italia (FdI; "Brothers of Italy") is a right-wing national , populist and sovereign to right-wing extremist party in Italy that has existed since 2012 . The party leader is Giorgia Meloni .
Name, name change
The part of the name Fratelli d'Italia alludes to the title of the Italian national anthem . The party was founded under the name Fratelli d'Italia - Centrodestra Nazionale ("Brothers of Italy - National Center-Right [Party]"). In February 2014 she changed the name to Fratelli d'Italia - Alleanza Nazionale ("Brothers of Italy - National Alliance"). Alleanza Nazionale is the name of a previous party. Since December 2017 the party is only called Fratelli d'Italia .
history
The predecessor of the party was the Alleanza Nazionale , which in turn emerged in 1994/95 from the neo-fascist Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI). At the initiative of party leader Gianfranco Fini , the majority decided to distance themselves from historical fascism and to pursue a more moderate line. In the 1990s and 2000s, it was the reservoir of the right-wing and national-conservative camp in Italy, achieved double-digit votes across the country and was involved in all of Silvio Berlusconi's center-right governments . In March 2009, AN merged with Berlusconi's Forza Italia to form the center-right collecting party Popolo della Libertà (PdL).
Due to dissatisfaction with Berlusconi's management style, some MPs left - above all former AN politicians around Ignazio La Russa and Giorgia Meloni , but also individual former FI representatives such as Guido Crosetto and Giuseppe Cossiga - Popolo della Libertà in December 2012 and founded Fratelli d'Italia . Initially, Crosetto, La Russa and Meloni formed a three-member party leadership. In the parliamentary elections in February 2013 , the party ran as part of the center-right coalition around Silvio Berlusconi and won nine seats with 2% of the vote, but no mandate in the Senate with 1.9% in the Senate elections. In March 2013, La Russa was elected sole party leader, while Meloni became the leader of the FdI parliamentary group in the House of Representatives.
In autumn 2013, Meloni founded the Officina per l'Italia (“Workshop for Italy”) initiative in order to broaden support for the party. In addition to the previous FdI members, the former mayor of Rome Gianni Alemanno , the former finance minister Giulio Tremonti , the former foreign minister Giulio Terzi di Sant'Agata and the Islamic critic Magdi Allam took part in this . Alemanno and Allam subsequently joined the FdI, Terzi is in any case close to her, Tremonti, however, distanced himself again.
The Fondazione Alleanza Nazionale , which administers the rights to the name and logo of the dissolved predecessor party, decided in December 2013 to grant these rights to the FdI. In February 2014, the FdI expanded its name to Fratelli d'Italia - Alleanza Nazionale and added the green-white-red flame (fiamma tricolore) , once a symbol of MSI and AN, to its logo. The first party congress after the renaming took place in March 2014 in the Fiuggi health resort , as did the Alleanza Nazionale's first congress in 1995, at which it turned away from fascism (“Wende von Fiuggi”). At this party congress, Giorgia Meloni was elected as the successor of La Russa as party leader. In the European elections in May 2014 , the party narrowly failed to meet the 4% threshold with 3.7% of the vote .
In the parliamentary elections in March 2018 , FdI was again part of the center-right alliance around Berlusconi and Matteo Salvini . With 4.37% she was able to move into the Chamber of Deputies, she received 17 seats. She moved into the Senate with seven senators.
Since November 2018, the party has been represented in the European Parliament by the transfer of Stefano Maullu and Innocenzo Leontini (in January 2019) from Forza Italia . They joined the Group of European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR). In the European elections in May 2019 , the FdI was able to increase its share of the vote to 6.5% and received 5 of the 73 Italian seats in the European Parliament. Since February 2019 she has been a member of the European Conservatives and Reformers Party (until June 2019 Alliance of Conservatives and Reformers in Europe, AKRE).
Political positions
The party is skeptical of the EU and advocates a “Europe of the peoples”. She rejects the Lisbon Treaty and the European Fiscal Compact and wants to end Italy's membership in the euro area . The party leader also questioned Italy's membership of the European Union in general. The party is in favor of limiting immigration and advocates special financial support for families. Most of the members describe themselves as conservative or national conservative and refer to the positions of the historical Italian and European right. A party-internal minority around Guido Crosetto represents positions of economic liberalism ( liberismo ).
Election results
| year | region | be right | proportion of | Mandates | space |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Abruzzo | 38.894 | 6.5% |
2/31 |
5. |
| 2018 | Aosta Valley | 1,862 | 2.9% |
0/35 |
10. |
| 2015 | Apulia | 39.164 | 2.3% |
0/51 |
10. |
| 2019 | Basilicata | 17.112 | 5.9% |
1/21 |
6th |
| 2020 | Emilia-Romagna | 185.796 | 8.6% |
3/50 |
3. |
| 2018 | Friuli Venezia Giulia | 23,183 | 5.5% |
2/49 |
6th |
| 2020 | Calabria | 84.507 | 10.9% |
4/31 |
4th |
| 2015 | Campania | 124,499 | 5.5% |
2/51 |
6th |
| 2018 | Lazio | 220,460 | 8.7% |
3/51 |
5. |
| 2015 | Liguria | 16,525 | 3.1% |
1/31 |
6th |
| 2018 | Lombardy | 190,804 | 3.6% |
3/80 |
9. |
| 2015 | Brands | 34,538 | 6.5% |
1/31 |
5. |
| 2018 | Molise | 6,461 | 4.5% |
1/21 |
5. |
| 2019 | Piedmont | 105.410 | 5.5% |
2/51 |
5. |
| 2019 | Sardinia | 33,423 | 4.7% |
3/60 |
7th |
| 2017 | Sicily | 108.713 | 5.7% |
3/70 |
7th |
| 2018 | South-Tirol | 4,883 | 1.7% |
1/35 |
9. |
| 2015 | Tuscany | 51,152 | 3.9% |
1/41 |
6th |
| 2018 | Trentino | 3,686 | 1.4% |
0/35 |
15th |
| 2019 | Umbria | 43,443 | 10.4% |
2/21 |
3. |
| 2015 | Veneto | 48.163 | 3.6% |
1/51 |
9. |
| year | be right | proportion of | Mandates | space |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 666.035 | 2.0% |
9/630 |
8th. |
| 2018 | 1,429,550 | 4.4% |
32/630 |
5. |
| year | be right | proportion of | Mandates | space |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 590.083 | 1.9% |
0/315 |
7th |
| 2018 | 1,286,606 | 4.3% |
18/315 |
5. |
| year | be right | proportion of | Mandates | space |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 1.004.037 | 3.7% |
0/73 |
7th |
| 2019 | 1,726,189 | 6.4% |
6/76 |
5. |
Web links
- Website of the Fratelli d'Italia (Italian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Member Parties & Regional Partners , Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe, accessed on June 16, 2019.
- ^ Anti-government demonstration with Salvini in Rome. In: DW. October 19, 2019, accessed April 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Cristina Fasone: Is There a Populist Turn in the Italian Parliament? Continuity and Discontinuity in the Non-legislative Procedures. In: Giacomo Delledonne u. a .: Italian Populism and Constitutional Law. Strategies, Conflicts and Dilemmas. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, pp. 41-74, at p. 60.
- ↑ Francesco Marangoni Luca Verzichelli: Italy - When responsibility fails. Parliamentary opposition in times of crisis. In: Elisabetta De Giorgi, Gabriella Ilonszki: Opposition Parties in European Legislatures. Conflict or Consensus? Routledge, Abingdon (Oxon) / New York 2018.
- ↑ Carlo Ruzza: Social Movements and Italian Civil Society in Times of Crisis. The Financial Crisis as a Political Watershed. In: Alexander Grasse u. a .: Italy between crisis and new beginnings. Reforms and attempts at reform by the Renzi government. Pp. 207-227, at p. 222.
- ↑ https://www.milanotoday.it/politica/maullu-fratelli-italia.html
- ↑ http://www.giornaleibleo.it/2019/01/16/innocenzo-leontini-aderisce-al-progetto-di-fratelli-ditalia/
- ↑ Results of the European elections 2019: National results Italy. European Parliament, accessed on 10 August 2019 .
- ^ Gerardo Fortuna: Italy's far-right hopes to form new broad Conservative alliance in Europe. In: Euractiv.com , February 25, 2019.