Friedrich Lienhard

Friedrich Lienhard

Friedrich Lienhard (born October 4, 1865 in Rothbach near Hagenau in Alsace , † April 30, 1929 in Eisenach ) was a German writer and ethnic ideologue.

Life

Lienhard was born as the eldest son of the village school teacher Friedrich Lienhard in Alsace . His mother Elisabeth b. Gutbub died in 1877. In addition to his one year younger brother Albert, who later became a pastor, Lienhard had five half-siblings from his father's second marriage. From 1874 to 1886 he attended high schools in Bouxwiller and Schillersdorf . From 1884 Lienhard studied Protestant theology in Strasbourg . This study, he broke off after four semesters in order in Berlin literature and history to study. Lienhard joined the Wingolf Association Argentina in Strasbourg in 1885 and the Berlin Wingolf in 1887 . After three semesters, he also dropped out of his second degree.

He now turned to writing. As a freelance writer at first unsuccessfully, he earned a living as a tutor in Lichterfelde near Berlin. From April 1893 to October 1894 he was editor-in-chief of the anti-Semitic monthly The Twentieth Century. Sheets for German Kind and Welfare .

In 1900 he and Adolf Bartels became the editor of the magazine Deutsche Heimat , a medium for “literature and folk culture”, for a few months . It was the ideological platform for the protagonists of the folk-nationalist Heimatkunst movement . Bartels and Lienhard formed the center of this movement, their common ideological references being the writings of Paul Lagarde and August Julius Langbehn . Lienhard rejected the usual biological and ethnic race categories and developed his own race theory. He hoped for an "imperial soul" through a close connection between Christianity and Germanness. He saw the “solution to the Jewish question” and the prevention of “left mob rule”, which he also considered urgent, in the assumption of “leadership” by a “noble race of great souls” with “qualities of goodness, warmth, love”. That in no way ruled out anti-Semitism. For this z. B. the ethnically oriented "consecration game" Ahasver on the Rhine. Tragedy from the Present (1914). As an Alsatian, he was one of those German-speaking authors "who particularly excelled in claiming the respective area as 'German' in their works." (Kay Dohnke). As a result, the literary scholar Andreas Schumann comes to the conclusion that Lienhard's historical references combined “Germanic, ancient and Christian to a German national model” that was “racially charged” and claimed a “German cultural hegemony” in Europe. Lienhard's German studies can be assigned to "War German Studies". Lienhard was immediately active in war propagandism through various publications, so through

Tomb for Friedrich Lienhard by Hermann Hosaeus (1936)

• the publication of the book Fates of a Displaced Person in France. Told by herself and in front of the Kaiserl. Government commissioner in Alsace-Lorraine sworn on oath (1915) together with the Francophobic Strasbourg high school teacher Paul Kannengießer, author of a pamphlet, journeys of suffering from Alsace-Lorraine abducted people (1916)
• or through the mass brochure World War and Alsace-Lorraine (1916: 111th to 125th thousand), published in the series of trench books for the German people.

Lienhard undertook extensive trips through Europe , including Switzerland , Italy , Spain , Scotland and Scandinavia .

In 1908 he retired to the Thuringian Forest . At 50 he married his childhood friend in Strasbourg, the former deaconess Marie Elisabeth Zentz. In order to be able to spread his theories better, he moved to Weimar, the seat of the Goethe Society , in 1916 . There he was soon appointed to the board of directors, but could not realize his plan to convert the company into an academy. In 1918 he was accepted into the "Academy of Charitable Sciences in Erfurt ". From 1920 to 1928 he was editor of the formerly Protestant-conservative, now völkisch cultural magazine Der Türmer . Lienhard died in Eisenach in 1929 at the age of 63. and was buried in the town's new cemetery / main cemetery in a grave of honor. At this point he was almost forgotten. In view of his affinity for National Socialism, however, "like many conservatives ... after 1933 he was honored again."

Resonance in National Socialism

Lienhard belongs to the forefront of National Socialism, since he represented völkisch-nationalist views, but his own stamp. Among other things, he wanted to combine Christianity with Germanness. Since he died in 1929, he was consequently not a National Socialist in the sense of the Third Reich. The "Führer" had not yet appeared, the victory of this movement, later called the "Takeover", had not yet been achieved. If, in Lübeck at least, he was brought into public awareness with a piece from his Wartburg trilogy on the occasion of the 450th birthday of Martin Luther in 1933, it was because he had succeeded in sensitively honoring an outstanding German. On November 1, 1933, the theater performed the third part, Luther auf der Wartburg (1906). This event was called a "festival". The keynote speaker was the main pastor at the cathedral, representative of the German Christians, Dr. Helmuth Johnsen (1891–1947), who on May 1, 1934, was appointed Regional Bishop of Braunschweig. Contrary to expectations, however, this piece turns out to be a religious chamber play, because it shows Luther, isolated and struggling in (actual) protective custody, the Bible translator who has to try to see to it that the events in Wittenberg - which are far from him - are for him do not slip away (iconoclasts, enthusiasts). There could be no big actions for him in this situation. Accordingly, the Lübeck reporting endeavored to reinterpret this work: They spoke of German revolutions and the will to live of great personalities. A good example of how the National Socialists made use of people, works and thoughts of others, tore them out of their context and adjusted them for a certain situation.

Today's reception

A reception of Lienhard's works can hardly be determined today. An exception is his admission by the particularist Alsatian "Heimatbund" ("... mìr [dian] àlli Àktiona vun in dia Rìchtung vum alsassischa particularism go, unteretza ..."), to which the "Neues Elsaß-Lothringen-Verlag" is close, and through the fraternity milieu.

Appointments and Awards

• Dr. phil. hc (Strasbourg 1915)
• Dr. theol. hc (Münster)
• Professorship (by the Thuringian state government)
• Honorary Citizen of Weimar (1925)
• Honorary Citizen of the University of Jena (1925)
• Honorary Senator of the German Writers' Association
• Honorary member of the German Shakespeare Society

Fonts (selection)

Songs of an Alsatian , 1888, 1895 Naphtali. Drama , 1888 Wasga rides. A journal , 1895 Till Eulenspiegel , 1896 Eulenspiegel's exit. Rogue Game , 1896 Gottfried of Strasbourg. Drama , 1897, online Odilia. Legend , 1898 Nordlandslieder by Fritz Lienhard , 1899 The predominance of Berlin , 1900, online The shield citizens. A joke song from May , 1900 Boer songs , 1900 Munchausen. A comedy , 1900 The stranger. Rogue game , 1900 King Arthur. Tragedy , 1900 Heroes. Bilder und Gestalten , 1900 (greatly expanded new edition 1908) Literature youth of today. A sermon on fasting , 1901 New ideals. Collected Essays , 1901 German-Protestant folk plays. Suggestions , 1901 Poems. 1st complete edition , 1902 Wartburg Trilogy , 1903–1906 Heinrich von Ofterdingen , 1903 Saint Elizabeth , 1904 Luther at the Wartburg , 1906 Surface culture , 1904 Wieland the blacksmith. Dramatic poetry , 1905 Paths to Weimar. Contributions to the renewal of idealism , 1905, online Vol. 1 , Vol . 2 , Vol . 3 , Vol. 4 , Vol . 5 , Vol. 6

The Pandur Stone and Others , 1906 The essence and dignity of poetry , 1907 Classic Weimar , 1909 Oberlin. Novel from the revolutionary era in Alsace , 1910 From Alsace XVIII. Century , 1910 Odysseus. Dramatic poetry , 1911 * Land of Light. New poems , 1912 The minstrel. Novel from the present , 1913, online Parsifal and Zarathustra. Lecture , 1914, online Ahasver on the Rhine. Tragedy , 1914 Heroism and Love , 1915 Frederick the Great , 1917 German poetry in its historical basics , 1917 Phidias. Drama , 1918 Adolescent years. Memories by Friedrich Lienhard , 1918 Westmark. Novel from present-day Alsace , 1919 On Goethe's path in Weimar , 1919, 1940 From woman's delight and worth, words and thoughts , around 1920 Hero pictures and figures , 1900 Wasgenwald , 1921 From Tauler's days. Story , 1923 Thuringian Diary , 1903 A German nativity play , 1925 The gift , 1925 The Singers' War at the Wartburg. A festival , 1925 Sword consecration game , 1927 The country house near Eisenach. A fraternity novel from the 19th century , 1928

literature

• Ernst Barthel : Friedrich Lienhard. The artist soul from the German Alsace . Alsatia, Kolmar 1941
• Paul Bülow: Richard Wagner's work of art in the view of Friedrich Lienhard. Greiner and Pfeiffer, Stuttgart 1920
• Hildegard Chatellier, Friedrich Lienhard, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the “Völkische Movement” 1871–1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 114-131
• Marc Chaudeur: Redecouvrir Friedrich Lienhard (1865–1929) . “Land un Sprooch. Les Cahiers du bilinguisme ”. No. 194 (June 2015), p. 22
• Jürgen Dettmann: Friedrich Lienhard (1865-1929). An Alsatian poet and intellectual Germany . “The West”, Society of Friends and “Sponsors of the Erwin von Steinbach Foundation, Supplement 16. Stuttgart 2008. ISSN  0179-6119
• Michael Ertz: Friedrich Lienhard and René Schickele . Alsatian writers between Germany and France. Olms, Hildesheim 1990. (= Contemporary German literature abroad, 23) ISBN 3-487-08319-1
• Paul Gaude: The Odysseus theme in modern German literature, especially with Hauptmann and Lienhard. Univ. Diss. Greifswald 1916
• Elke Kimmel: Lienhard, Friedrich. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Hostility to Jews in the past and present . Vol. 2/2: People L – Z. De Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-24072-0 , p. 483
• Karl König: Friedrich Lienhard's way from the borderland to the highlands. Beyer, Langensalza 1929. (= Friedrich Mann's educational magazine, 1259)
• Helmut Langenbucher: Friedrich Lienhard and his part in the struggle for German renewal. Rauhes Haus , Hamburg 1935
• Friedrich Lienhard and us. To the German poet Friedrich Lienhard on the 50th birthday , Ed. Wilhelm Edward Gierke. Greiner and Pfeiffer, Stuttgart 1915
• Thomas Neumann: "... who knows how to fully appreciate the ideal drives of your proposals." Friedrich Lienhard and the Goethe Society, in Jürgen John, Weimar 1930. Politics and culture in the run-up to the Nazi dictatorship. 1998, pp. 185-210
• Thomas Neumann: Lienhard, Friedrich. In: Christoph König (Ed.), With the assistance of Birgit Wägenbaur u. a .: Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950 . Volume 2: H-Q. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015485-4 , pp. 1091-1092 (latest bio-bibliographical information on FL).
• Uwe Puschner, Antisemitism and German Voelkish Ideology, in: Hubert Cancik / Uwe Puschner, Antisemitismus, Paganismus, Völkische Religion, Munich 2004, pp. 55–64
• Justus Strackwitz: Friedrich Lienhard (1865–1929): "Oberlin" . Book review in: “The Rundschau. Journal for Friends of Culture and History ”(Erfurt) 34 (4/2009), pp. 20–23, 25
• Justus Strackwitz: Friedrich Lienhard (1865–1929): "Westmark" . Book review in: “The Rundschau. Journal for Friends of Culture and History ”(Erfurt) 38 (4/2010), pp. 20–22
• Adalbert Wichert:  Lienhard, Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , pp. 530-532 ( digitized version ).
• Sascha Grosser (ed.): Classic reissue : Friedrich Lienhard - Der Dorfschmied, Lyrikmanufaktur, Olfen, 2019, ISBN 9783748518051

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Lienhard  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Friedrich Lienhard  - Sources and full texts

• Literature by and about Friedrich Lienhard in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Friedrich Lienhard  in the German Digital Library
• Works by Friedrich Lienhard in the Gutenberg-DE project
• Secondary literature on Friedrich Lienhard
• Friedrich Lienhard In: Project historical novel. Database. University of Innsbruck.
• Image by Lienhard

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hildegard Chatellier, Friedrich Lienhard, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the "Völkische Movement" 1871–1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 114-131, here: p. 121.
2. ↑ Margot Goeller, guardian of culture. Educational citizenship in the cultural magazines “Deutsche Rundschau” and “Neue Rundschau” (1890–1914), Frankfurt / M. u. a. 2011, p. 118.
3. ↑ Hildegard Chatellier, Friedrich Lienhard, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the "Völkische Movement" 1871–1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 114-131, here: pp. 127f.
4. ↑ Kay Dohnke, Völkische Literatur und Heimatliteratur, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the “Völkische Movement” 1871–1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 651-684, p. 667; Werner Bergmann, Völkischer Antisemitismus, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the “Völkische Movement” 1871–1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 449-463, p. 456.
5. ↑ Kay Dohnke, Völkische Literatur und Heimatliteratur, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the “Völkische Movement” 1871–1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 651-684, p. 664.
6. ↑ Andreas Schumann, Völkische Tendenzen in Germanistik und Philologie, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the "Völkische Movement" 1871-1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 859-873, pp. 864, 864.
7. ^ Otto Neuendorff (ed.), Anne-Katrin Ziesak (arrangement), Repertory of the letters from the Walter de Gruyter archive, Berlin / New York 1999, p. 146; on Kannengießer cf. also: Paul Kannengießer, Aus dem Elsaß, in: Die Grenzboten, 59 (1900), first quarter, p. 591–600, see: [1] .
8. ↑ See: [2]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .  
9. ↑ Christiane Reuter-Boysen, Karl May, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the “Völkische Movement” 1871–1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 699-709, here: p. 704.
10. ^ Gitta Günther: honorary citizen of the city of Weimar . Weimar 2011. p. 134.
11. ^ Jürgen Dettmann: Friedrich Lienhard (1865–1929) . Stuttgart 2008. pp. 25, 32-34
12. ↑ Hildegard Chatellier, Friedrich Lienhard, in: Uwe Puschner / Walter Schmitz / Justus H. Ulbricht (eds.), Handbook on the "Völkische Movement" 1871–1918, Munich a. a. 1996, pp. 114-131, here: pp. 128f.
13. ↑ Jörg Fligge: "Beautiful Lübeck Theater World". The city theater during the Nazi dictatorship. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild, 2018. ISBN 978-3-7950-5244-7 . Pp. 258–262, 570. - Part 1 of the trilogy: Heinrich von Ofterdingen. Dramatic Poetry in Five Acts (1903), Part 2: Saint Elizabeth. Tragedy in Five Acts (1904).
14. ↑ [3] .
15. ↑ See: Friedrich Lienhard, Westmark. Roman from Alsace, ND 2001.
16. ^ Friedrich Lienhard (1865-1929). An Alsatian poet and intellectual Germany. A publication on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his Strasbourg student association “Argentina”, 2008.
17. ^ Gitta Günther: honorary citizen of the city of Weimar . Weimarer Verlagsgesellschaft, Weimar 2011, p. 133.
18. ↑ Some editions bear the publisher's note: “This work was initially designed as a dramatic sketch in autumn 1916, after a stay in Upper Alsace; then converted into a novel and completed around Christmas 1918 "