Friedrich von Oranien-Nassau (1797–1881)

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Friedrich von Oranien-Nassau, Prince of the Netherlands, wood engraving (1881)
Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands

Wilhelm Friedrich Karl von Oranien-Nassau (Dutch: Willem Frederik Karel van Oranje-Nassau , Prince of the Netherlands since 1816 ; born February 28, 1797 in Berlin , † September 8, 1881 in Wassenaar ), Prince of Orange-Nassau , Prince of the Netherlands , was the second son of King Wilhelm I and Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia .

Life

Since his family had been in exile since 1795 as a result of the Revolutionary Wars , the younger son of the then Prince of Orange-Nassau was mostly brought up at the Prussian court, participated in the campaign of 1813 , then joined the Dutch army and fought in battle Waterloo . In 1814 his father ascended the newly created Dutch throne as prince, from 1815 as king and at the same time became Grand Duke of Luxembourg. According to the family contract of April 4, 1815, as soon as his older brother Wilhelm became King of the Netherlands , Friedrich was to inherit the German hereditary lands of the Oranien-Nassau family, the principalities of Nassau-Dietz , Nassau-Hadamar and Nassau-Dillenburg as well as Fulda-Corvey , da but these were exchanged for Luxembourg at the Congress of Vienna , should he receive it after the death of his father as a sovereign Grand Duke. However, since the father was unexpectedly awarded the formerly Austrian Netherlands (later Belgium) at the congress and was able to unite them with the northern Netherlands, the dynasty should retain the large structure of a total "Benelux monarchy", which is why Friedrich was urged to to cede his claims to the Luxembourg throne in 1816 in return for compensation in domains with an annual income of 190,000 guilders to his brother. He received the title of Prince of the Netherlands .

Prince Friedrich, 1865

Soon afterwards he became General Commissioner of the War Department, Colonel General and Field Marshal of the Land Power, in 1829 Admiral of the Kingdom and Grand Master of the Artillery and developed great activity in these offices. At the outbreak of the Belgian Revolution in 1830, he was headed a corps that was supposed to subdue Brussels and was forced to retreat. He made many contributions to the organization of the army and the administration of the war until his father's abdication and his brother's accession to the throne in 1840 determined him to withdraw from all public affairs.

On July 21, 1816 he became chief and in 1823 namesake of the Prussian infantry regiment "Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands" (2nd Westphalian) No. 15 . Since July 1, 1874, Friedrich was also a Prussian colonel general with the rank of field marshal.

Friedrich was admitted to the Masonic lodge “To the three world balls” in Berlin in 1816 and was then Grand Master of the Great East of the Netherlands for 60 years ; He also held the protectorate of an Austrian Freemasonry "Munificentia" in Karlsbad , at a time when Freemasonry was forbidden in Austria. He made the Bibliotheca Klossiana from Frankfurt am Main and the Grand Lodge building in The Hague as gifts to the Great East . On July 19, 1852 he became a knight of the Swedish order of Charles XIII. reserved for Freemasons. Between 1829 and 1831 he was offered the Greek throne several times, which he refused with thanks and which was occupied in 1832 by the 16-year-old Bavarian Prince Otto .

Prince Friedrich lived partly in the Netherlands, where he owned an estate in Wassenaar , and partly in the estate of Muskau in Upper Lusatia , which he bought in 1846 , where he was the last nobleman who actively took care of today's Fürst-Pückler-Park . for which he appointed Eduard Petzold as park director. He had Muskau Castle rebuilt in the neo-Renaissance style from 1863 to 1866. His residence in Berlin was the Dutch Palais Unter den Linden, inherited from his father .

He died on September 8, 1881. His younger daughter Marie, meanwhile Princess zu Wied , who had inherited her mother's summer residence, Schloss Schildau , became the successor to the Muskau estate . She also inherited the Huize De Paauw; Marie gradually sold all of these properties. The older daughter, Queen Luise of Sweden, had died in 1871, but her daughter Louise of Sweden inherited the Berlin palace.

progeny

Friedrich had been with Princess Luise of Prussia (1808–1870), daughter of King Friedrich Wilhelm III , since 1825 . , married.

literature

  • F. de Bas: Prince Frederik of the Netherlands . In: De Huisvriend. Geillustreerd Magazijn. 1881, pp. 290–300, with a portrait as a wood engraving, p. 289.
  • Kurt von Priesdorff : Soldier leadership . Volume 4, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, undated [Hamburg], undated [1937], DNB 367632799 , pp. 428-430, no. 1375.
  • Uwe Schögl (Red.): Orange. 500 years of portraits of a dynasty from the portrait collection of the Austrian National Library, Vienna and the Dutch Royal Collection The Hague. (Exhibition from February 1 to March 19, 2002, Camineum of the Austrian National Library, Vienna). Austrian National Library et al., Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-01-000028-6 , p. 112.
  • Gustav von Glasenapp : Military Biographies of the Officer Corps of the Prussian Army. Berlin 1868, p. 13.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anton Frans Karl Anjou: Riddare af Konung Carl XIII: s orden 1811-1900. Biografiska anteckningar. Eskjö 1900, p. 175.

Web links

Commons : Friedrich von Oranien-Nassau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Friedrich of Orange-Nassau
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wilhelm Friedrich Karl of Orange-Nassa
BRIEF DESCRIPTION second son of King Wilhelm I and Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia
DATE OF BIRTH February 28, 1797
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1881
Place of death Wassenaar