Cynometra cauliflora
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Cynometra cauliflora |
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Cynometra cauliflora colloquially rare, even Nam-Nam , Namnam or frog fruit called, is a plant from the genus Cynometra in the subfamily of caesalpinioideae (Caesalpinioideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). It isgrown as a tropical fruit treein South and Southeast Asia . Here it is known as Nam-Nam , Namu-Namu or Amphawa .
description
Cynometra cauliflora grows as an evergreen , short-stemmed shrub or tree up to 15 meters high . The trunk bark is gray-brown and smooth. The branches are bent in a zigzag shape.
The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The short petiole is up to 8 millimeters long. The twofold leaf blade has only two pinna leaflet . The leaflets are almost sessile and asymmetrically ovate to elliptical. The spreader halves facing one another are significantly narrower than those facing away from one another. The round-pointed to indented leaves are 5 to 16 inches long, 1.5 to 6 inches wide, with entire margins, glabrous and glossy dark green. The stipules fall off early.
Short and dense racemes are formed as inflorescences , stem-flowered, cauliflower , in clusters from nodes of the trunk, often growing briefly above the ground. The very small and hermaphroditic flowers with a double perimeter have four reddish-white sepals 2 to 4 millimeters long . The five put back petals are egg-shaped, 3 to 4 millimeters long and white. There are 8-10 free, slightly protruding stamens and a top constant, einkammeriger ovary with long stylus with smaller capitate scar present.
The mostly solitary, hanging and non-opening legumes are flattened, crescent-shaped to slightly kidney-shaped, 3 to 9 centimeters long and 2 to 6 centimeters wide. The fruit flaps are up to 8 millimeters thick, hard, woody and coarsely wrinkled on the outside, slightly tomentose, brown-green and matt. The relatively smooth, crescent-shaped to slightly kidney-shaped seeds are flattened and 3 to 6 inches long and 2 to 4 inches wide. The seed coat is brown, the core firm and white.
distribution
The natural range of Cynometra cauliflora is in India, Malaysia and Indonesia ., According to other information in the east of Malesia Cynometra cauliflora is cultivated in India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Indochina , more rarely on Pacific and Caribbean islands.
Systematics
Cynometra cauliflora is a species from the genus Cynometra . It was first described in 1753 by Carl von Linné in the Species Plantarum . A synonym of the species is Cynometra acutifolia S.Vidal .
Cynometra cauliflora is the only species of the genus Cynometra that is used as a food plant.
etymology
The generic name Cynometra (from ancient Greek kýōn , German 'dog' and ancient Greek mḗtrā , German 'uterus') or German dog shame by Linné goes back to the first description in 1690 by Georg Eberhard Rumpf . Its designation cynomorion or canum pudenda refers to the similarity of the fruit with the genitals of the dog, as does the Malay name Namnam . Rumpf's Herbarium Amboinense manuscript was not printed in Holland until 50 years later .
use
The ripe fruits are nutritious and are eaten raw, boiled, or roasted. They can also be boiled down in sugar water and used as compote . Young legumes are still very sour and are also pickled as mixed pickles and used to season dishes or as part of sauces and spice pastes.
Cynometra cauliflora grows in the tropical climate in sunny and partially shaded locations. Dry times promote fruit development. They are grown in orchards and home gardens and grown from seeds. The fruits are harvested in an early or ripe state depending on the use.
literature
- TK Lim: Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants. Volume 2: Fruits , Springer, 2012, ISBN 978-94-007-1763-3 , pp. 614–616.
- Bernd Nowak, Bettina Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical crops and their fruits . Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-494-01455-5 , p. 224 f .
Web links
- Cynometra cauliflora at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 31, 2014.
- Cynometra at PROTA.
- Cynometra cauliflora at PROTA.
- Cynometra cauliflora at Useful Tropical Plants.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b German name after Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits p. 224.
- ^ Illustration from Francisco Manuel Blanco : Flora de Filipinas. Según el sistema de Linneo , 1880–1883?
- ↑ Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits. P. 224.
- ↑ Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits. P. 224 f.
- ↑ a b c d e f Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits. P. 225.
- ↑ a b Cynometra cauliflora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
- ↑ Cynometra cauliflora at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 7, 2015.
- ↑ Data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010 .
- ^ Georg Everhardhus Rumphius: Herbarium Amboinense. Pars Prima 1741. Liber I, Cap, LII. Pp. 163-165.