Chamois cress

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Chamois cress
Chamois cress (Hornungia alpina)

Chamois cress ( Hornungia alpina )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Descurainieae
Genre : Rock cress ( Hornungia )
Type : Chamois cress
Scientific name
Hornungia alpina
( Siev. ) O. Appel

The Hornungia Alpina ( Hornungia alpina (L.) O. Appel , synonyms Pritzelago alpina (L.) Kuntze , Hutchinsia alpina (L.) WT Aiton ) in old orthography Gemskresse even Alpine Hornungia Alpina or Hornungia Alpina , belongs to the family of Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae). The former generic name Pritzelago is derived from the German botanical writer Georg August Pritzel (1812–1874). The former generic name Hutchinsia is named after the Irish botanist Ellen Hutchins (1785-1815). For the Bernese Oberland , the name Zigerblüemli is also used as another common name for chamois cress .

Occurrence

The chamois cress is a cushion plant of the European high mountains . It thrives in alpine stone rubble corridors on fresh, alkaline, loose, raw rubble soils.

Hornungia alpina subsp. auerswaldii
Hornungia alpina
Chamois cress ( Hornungia alpina )

Systematics

One can distinguish several subspecies:

  • Lime Hornungia Alpina ( Hornungia alpina (L.) O. Appel subsp. Alpina )
  • Hornungia alpina subsp. auerswaldii (Welcome) O. Appel : It occurs in Portugal, Spain and France.
  • Southern Alpine chamois cress ( Hornungia alpina subsp. Austroalpina (Trpin) O. Appel )
  • Silicate chamois cress ( Hornungia alpina subsp. Brevicaulis (Sprengel) O. Appel )
  • Hornungia alpina subsp. fontqueri (Sauvage) O. Appel : It occurs in Morocco.
  • Hornungia alpina subsp. polatschekii (Laínz) O. Appel : It occurs in Spain.

Lime Hornungia Alpina ( Hornungia alpina subsp. Alpina )

The herbaceous perennial plant reaches heights of between 5 and 12 cm. It forms leaf rosettes, the leaves are pinnate to pinnate. The petals are 3.5 to 5 mm long and 2 to 3 mm wide, abruptly narrowed into the stem-like lower part. The inflorescence is elongated after flowering. The fruits are 4 to 5 mm long and contain 1.7 to 2.2 mm long seeds. The stylus becomes 0.2 to 0.5 mm long.

The chromosome number is 2n = 12.

Flowering time is from May to August. The lime-loving subspecies prefers seep- fresh rock debris as a location in the subalpine to alpine altitude range. It penetrates montane in the river bed load . It thrives primarily in the Thlaspietum rotundifolii from the association Thlaspeion rotundifolii, but also occurs in societies of the associations Arabidion caeruleae or Epilobion fleischeri.

In the Allgäu Alps, this subspecies rises at the summit of the Mädelegabel in Bavaria up to 2645 m above sea level. It occurs from Spain and Italy to Austria, Croatia and Slovakia. It is common in Austria , but is absent in Burgenland and Vienna .

Silicate chamois cress ( Hornungia alpina subsp. Brevicaulis (Hoppe) O. Appel )

The perennial herbaceous plant reaches stature heights between 2 and 5 cm. The petals are 2.5 to 4 mm long and 1 to 2 mm wide, gradually narrowing into the stem-like lower part. The stylus is 0.1 to 0.2 mm long. The inflorescence hardly elongated after flowering. The fruits are 3.5 to 4 mm long and contain seeds that are 1.2 to 1.5 mm long.

The chromosome number is 2n = 12.

Flowering time is from July to August. As location the plant kalkmeidende rock hallways, preferably Schneetälchen (Blue Kress hall, Arabidetum caeruleae) in the Alpine altitude level. It occurs in Europe in France, Italy, the former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia. It is a character species of the Arabidetum caeruleae. In Austria it is scattered to rare - it is absent in Burgenland, Vienna and Lower Austria.

Southern Alpine chamois cress ( Hornungia alpina subsp. Austroalpina (Trpin) O. Appel )

Petals and inflorescence as in the silicate chamois cress, fruit and style like in the lime chamois cress. Not yet proven in Austria, but may be present in the Southern Alps. The distribution area is in the Julian Alps .

ingredients

The plant tastes like a cress and is eaten by chamois . Contains mustard oils in green parts and seeds.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry in Tropicos , accessed August 31, 2012
  2. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 77. ( online ).
  3. ↑ Ziger-Blüemli , Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Vol. 5, Col. 92.
  4. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  451 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e Karol Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae : Datasheet Hornungia In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  6. ↑ see Warwick and Al-Shehbaz
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 613.
  8. ↑ see Warwick and Al-Shehbaz

literature

Web links

Commons : Chamois cress ( Hornungia alpina )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files