Galilee

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Roman provinces in the 1st century
Galilee in Roman times
On the shores of the Sea of ​​Galilee
Banyas in northern Galilee

Galilee ( ancient Greek Γαλιλαία Galilaia , Latin Galilaea , Hebrew הגליל haGalil , an abbreviation of galil ha-goyim "district of the heathen") is an area in northern Israel that is divided into the three parts Upper Galilee, Lower Galilee and Western Galilee.

history

In the 8th century BC The royal dynasty of the Omrids ruled the kingdom of Israel in the north of today's state of Israel . It essentially comprised the areas of Samaria and Galilee. The empire united various city-states and cult centers. The most important city was Shechem with the temple Garizim , it was later replaced by the city of Samaria . Galilee was conquered by the Assyrians and the Israelite upper class deported. Subsequently, various members of Eastern peoples settled in the area.

In Roman times, Galilee was a province of its own.

Under the Crusaders , Galilee was a principality under the princes Tankred (1099–1101), Hugo von Falkenberg (1101–1106), Gervaise von Bazoches (1106–1108), Joscelin von Courtenay (1113–1119), Wilhelm I von Bures ( 1119–1143), Elinand (1143–1150), Simon (1150–1153), Wilhelm I von Bures (1153–1158), Walter von St. Omer (1159–1174) and Raimund (III.) Von Tripoli (1174 -1187). In 1187 the Principality of Saladin was conquered.

geography

Galilee comprises more than a third of Israel and extends "from Dan in the north, at the foot of Hermon to the borders of Carmel and Gilboa in the south and from the Jordan Valley in the east over the plain of Jezreel and from Akko to the Mediterranean in the west." In Roman times Israel was divided into three provinces, Judea , Samaria and Galilee, which encompassed the entire northern section of the country; Galilee was the largest province.

Important cities

Biblical references

Way from Rosh Pina to Safed

Solomon once made the plateau below Naftali a fief for King Hiram , king of Tire, as a reward for certain services . Hiram was dissatisfied with the gift and called it "the land of Cabul". ( 1 Kings 9 : 11-13  EU ) The Hebrews called it Galil.

Also Nazareth and the Sea of Galilee as places of life and work of Jesus are in Galilee.

Transferred, symbolizing meaning

In church architecture, Galilee denotes a church vestibule or an antechamber from which the Christians go out into the world and preach the Gospel in accordance with the command of the risen Christ given in Galilee ( Mt 28 : 16ff  EU ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Galilee  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Galilee  - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Isa 8:23  EU ; still 1 Makk 5.15  EU “allophyllôn”; see Der Kleine Pauly , Vol. 2/677
  2. ^ Martin Rheinheimer: The Crusader Principality of Galilee. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1990, ISBN 3-631-42703-4 , pp. 39-63.
  3. ^ Hans Eberhard Mayer : The Crusader Principality of Galilee between Saint-Omer and Bures-sur-Yvette, Itinéraires d'Orient. Homages to Claude Cahen. 1993, pp. 157-167.
  4. ↑ Small dictionary of architecture. 12th edition. Reclam, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-15-009360-3 , p. 52.
  5. ↑ Paradise. In: Gerhard Strauss (founder), Harald Olbrich (ed.): Lexikon der Kunst. Architecture, fine arts, applied arts, industrial design, art theory. Volume 5 ( Mosb-Q ). Seemann, Leipzig 1993, ISBN 3-363-00286-6 , p. 422 (treatise on the architectural term Galilee ).

Coordinates: 33 °  N , 36 °  E