Passage graves from Gundestrup
The passage graves of Gundestrup (also called Gundestrup Mark or Gundestrupgård) are in Skraem, near Hjørring in North Jutland in Denmark . They have special structural positions that do not appear a second time in the megalithic area . They date from the Neolithic Age 3500–2800 BC. And are megalithic systems of the funnel beaker culture (TBK).
The passage grave ( Danish: Jættestue ) is a form of Neolithic megalithic systems, which consists of a chamber and a structurally separated, lateral passage. This form is primarily found in Denmark, Germany and Scandinavia, as well as occasionally in France and the Netherlands.
Gundestrup 1
Gundestrup 1 or Gundestrup Süd is a passage grave with a side chamber on the axis of the chamber . Passage graves with side chambers are known in only 30 copies around the Limfjord , in Djursland , on Zealand and Lolland . The side chambers were performed at the same time as the main chamber, but are usually axial or coaxial with the passage.
The polygonal chamber, only about four meters long, consists of eight bearing stones (two on each side) and a huge capstone. A four-meter-long corridor leads in the middle into the 2.7-meter-wide chamber, which is constructed similar to a polygonal pole . Between the two supporting stones of the right side wall is the connection to the secondary chamber, which is located slightly outside the axis, which is about a third the size of the main chamber, consists of five supporting stones and is also covered by only one cap stone. The passage grave is located in a damaged round hill, the surrounding stones of which have been partially preserved. The two chambers are partially filled with earth.
Gundestrup 2
The nearby Gundestup 2 or Gundestup Nord is the only double- aisle grave ( Danish: Dobbelt- or Tvillingejættestue ) Dobbelt - each with a side chamber. The passage grave Drysagerdys in Hornsherred has only a secondary chamber. Double-passage graves can be found in 57 examples on Zealand, Møn , Langeland , Fyn and Samsø . A dozen of these systems are known from North Jutland, especially from southern Himmerland , three are in Skåne in Sweden .
The floor plan of this passage grave of the funnel cup culture is unique. Two corridors about six meters long, some of which are missing curb stones, lead into an approximately 12.0 m long chamber, which is formed by 22 bearing stones that carried at least 10 cap stones. The large trapezoid main chamber ( Danish: hovedkammeret ) was probably divided later, or the northeastern half, which is rather diffuse in plan, was added later. Otherwise two separate courses would not be necessary. The separation, which only here did not consist of megaliths but of intermediate masonry , no longer exists.
The southern, oval side chamber (in Danish: bikammer ), built in the direction of the passage , consists of five bearing stones and a capstone. It was closed during the renovation or expansion. Another short corridor was added to the north-eastern main chamber, roughly as an extension of the entrance , which leads into the D-shaped northern side chamber.
The chambers lie in the remains of an eroded hill and are half filled with earth.
See also
literature
- Peter V. Glob : prehistoric monuments of Denmark. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1968.
- Ewald Schuldt : The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. Investigations into their architecture and function (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of the districts of Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. Vol. 6, ISSN 0138-4279 ). German Science Publishing House, Berlin 1972.
- Jürgen E. Walkowitz: The megalithic syndrome. European cult sites of the Stone Age (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Vol. 36). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2003, ISBN 3-930036-70-3 .
Web links
- Megalithic Portal with basic plans / sketches (Engl.)
- Description Danish and pictures (PDF; 3.24 MB)
Map with all coordinates: