Common short-nosed bat
| Common short-nosed bat | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
Common short-nosed bat ( Cynopterus brachyotis ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cynopterus brachyotis | ||||||||||||
| ( S. Müller , 1838) |
The common short-nosed bat ( Cynopterus brachyotis ) is a species of fruit bats from the genus Cynopterus . It is distributed over a large area in South Asia and Southeast Asia from the extreme south of the People's Republic of China to the Southeast Asian mainland to the islands of the Malay Archipelago as well as in southern India and Sri Lanka .
features
The common short-nosed bat reaches a head-trunk length of about 7.0 to 8.4 centimeters, the tail is about 9 to 12 millimeters long. The ear length is 13 to 18 millimeters, the rear foot length 13 to 15 millimeters. The forearm has a length of 54-72 millimeters. The fur is light gray to dark or shiny brown. Adults may have orange or yellow areas on their throats and shoulders. The lower third of the ears is clearly hairy, the edges of the ears are pale to whitish. The fingers are whitish and contrast with the dark brown flight skins .
The species corresponds in its appearance to the Indian short-nosed bat ( Cynopterus sphinx ) and is often confused with this, but it is somewhat smaller with shorter ears and a slightly paler coat.
distribution
The common short-nosed bat is distributed over a large area in South Asia and Southeast Asia from the extreme south of the People's Republic of China to the Southeast Asian mainland to the islands of Malaysia , Indonesia and the Philippines as well as in southern India and Sri Lanka . In China, the species occurs only in the province of Guangdong in the south of the country, it may penetrate as far as the south of Tibet and Yunnan . In India, the species occurs in the regions of Gujarat , Karnataka , Kerala , Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra , Meghalaya , Odisha , Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal . The southeastern distribution area extends from the east of Bangladesh to Southeast Asia, where the species occurs in southern Myanmar , Thailand , Laos , Vietnam , Cambodia (only confirmed around Phnom Penh ) and the Malay Peninsula . From here, the spread also extends to the islands of Sumatra , Java , Borneo , Sulawesi and Timor as well as the Talaud Islands and Ternate . In addition, a spread to Palawan is assumed, but this has not been scientifically confirmed. The fruit bat is also found on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands , which belong to India .
Way of life
The common short-nosed bat occurs in forest areas as well as in the area of agricultural areas and in the vicinity of human settlements and localities. It lives in pairs or in small colonies in the canopy of trees or in not entirely dark cave areas. Like other fruit bats, it feeds primarily on fruits, nectar and pollen as well as other parts of plants, with food plants from more than ten different plant families being documented. Animal studies in Malaysia revealed a total of fruits from 54 types of plants, leaves from 14 types, and flowers from four types. Here presented figs ( Ficus spp. ) Throughout the year, the main food source for the animals. Because of the diversity of plants whose fruits he eats, the Common short-faced fruit bat is accordingly an important disseminator of plant seeds and thus considered to be spreading factor of these plants. Marked animals have a radius of 0.3 to 1.3 kilometers, the population density is around 0.2 to 0.3 animals per hectare.
The females are probably polyestrial, so have a sexual cycle several times a year , and give birth to a young twice a year. The gestation period is 3.5 to 4 months, the lactation six to eight weeks until weaning. The lifespan in the wild is documented at five years, but it can likely be longer.
Systematics
.JPG)
The common short-nosed bat is classified as an independent species within the genus Cynopterus , which consists of seven species. The first scientific description comes from the natural scientist Salomon Müller from 1838, who described it using individuals from the Dewai area on the island of Borneo.
Within the species, eight subspecies are distinguished together with the nominate form :
- Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis
- Cynopterus brachyotis altitudinis
- Cynopterus brachyotis brachysoma
- Cynopterus brachyotis ceylonensis
- Cynopterus brachyotis concolor
- Cynopterus brachyotis hoffeti
- Cynopterus brachyotis insularum
- Cynopterus brachyotis javanicus
Hazard and protection
Concrete population figures for the species are not known. For the north-east of India the population is described as stable, but the species is rarer here than the Indian short-nosed bat, in the south of the country the animals are rare. In Southeast Asia the species occurs regularly in most regions and is mainly documented from inhabited and disturbed habitats, in Thailand and on the Malay Peninsula it is regionally rare.
The species is listed as not endangered ( least concern ) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) due to its large distribution area and the assumed large population . The species is adaptable to different habitats and habitat changes. There are no threats to the existence of the species, but locally it is affected and threatened by deforestation and the conversion of forest land into agricultural areas.
The species is listed as endangered on the Red List of Threatened Species in China.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g Don E. Wilson : Lesser Short-Nosed Fruit Bat. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; P. 329. ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
- ↑ a b c d Cynopterus brachyotis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.1. Posted by: G. Csorba, S. Bumrungsri, C. Francis, P. Bates, M. Gumal, T. Kingston, S. Molur, C. Srinivasulu, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
- ↑ a b K.H. Tan, A. Zubaid, TH Kunz: Food habits of Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, 1998; Pp. 299-307. ( Full text )
- ↑ a b Cynopterus brachyotis . In: Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
literature
- Don E. Wilson : Lesser Short-Nosed Fruit Bat. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; P. 329. ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
Web links
- Cynopterus brachyotis inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.1. Posted by: G. Csorba, S. Bumrungsri, C. Francis, P. Bates, M. Gumal, T. Kingston, S. Molur, C. Srinivasulu, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2016.