Georg Krämer (lawyer)

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Georg Krämer (born August 25, 1872 in Berlin , † November 1, 1942 in Theresienstadt ) was a German lawyer and persecuted under National Socialism .

Life

Georg Krämer was born as the son of the merchant Gustav Krämer and his wife Franziska Krämer, nee. Mendel born, both parents were Jews . He grew up in Berlin, where he attended the Friedrich-Werdersche-Gymnasium . After graduating from high school in 1891, he studied law at the universities in Berlin , Heidelberg and Munich . As a student he converted to the evangelical faith. In 1894, Krämer passed the first state examination with distinction, after which he received his doctorate . After the second state examination in 1899, he first worked in the public prosecutor's offices in Frankfurt an der Oder , Memel and Essen . In 1903 he was appointed public prosecutor in Essen . In 1907 he married Anna Johanna Goldschmidt, the daughter of the Jewish chemical industrialist Anton Goldschmidt from Düsseldorf. She too had converted to the evangelical faith a few years earlier. The marriage had two sons, Fritz GA Kraemer, born in 1908 and later US geostrategist, and Wilhelm, born in 1911. In 1911, Krämer became head of department at the Essen Public Prosecutor's Office, and in 1913 he was promoted to the Public Prosecutor's Office. His marriage broke up, and in 1914 they divorced. His divorced wife then moved with their two sons to Diethardt near Nastätten in the Taunus .

When the First World War broke out in 1914, Krämer, then 42 years old, volunteered for military service. He was employed as a cavalry captain and after promotion as a major , in 1919 he retired from the military. Krämer came to the public prosecutor's office in Hagen and was again active as a public prosecutor's council. In 1920 he was promoted to First Public Prosecutor. In order to be close to his divorced family, he tried for a long time to be transferred to Koblenz , finally in 1931 he was transferred to Koblenz as the first public prosecutor. At the time his divorced wife was living in Wiesbaden, his older son was working as a trainee lawyer in Frankfurt am Main after studying law , and his younger son was studying medicine in Bonn .

The so-called Jewish star that Georg Krämer had to wear from September 1941

When the Nazi era emerged in Germany at the beginning of 1933 , the shopkeeper who worked in Koblenz was the only public prosecutor of Jewish origin in the district of the Cologne Higher Regional Court . Only a few weeks after the National Socialists “ seized power ” , on April 1, 1933, Krämer was given leave of absence until further notice as part of the so-called boycott of Jews , whereupon he suffered a nervous breakdown. However, he could not be dismissed according to the law for the restoration of the civil service of April 7, 1933, but had to be re-employed a few months later as a former soldier by the public prosecutor in Koblenz as a result of the so-called front fighter privilege . At the end of 1934, the Koblenz chief public prosecutor attested him : “In terms of character, his love of justice is to be emphasized.” Due to the Nuremberg race laws , Krämer was finally removed from service at the end of 1935 because of his Jewish origin.

Because of a violation of the obligation imposed on him from September 1941 to wear the so-called Star of David on his clothing, he was arrested by the Koblenz Gestapo in early 1942 and was held in so-called “ protective custody ” for several weeks . On April 25, 1942, he had to leave his previous apartment and move into a so-called Jewish house . After further harassment, he was on 27 July 1942 along with 78 other Jews from Koblenz and around first to Cologne on and from there the following day in the Theresienstadt concentration camp deported .

Georg Krämer was  murdered by the National Socialists on November 1, 1942 at the age of 70 in the Theresienstadt concentration camp. The exact circumstances of his death are unknown. The surviving “death report” of the ghetto , the original of which is in the Czech National Archives in Prague , states “ marasmus  - old age ” as the cause of death , with marasmus (emaciation) being an indication of malnutrition as the actual cause of death.

Processing and commemoration

Stumbling block for Georg Krämer in Koblenz

The fate of Georg Krämer was the subject of historical reappraisal and research. a. Inclusion in the documentation of Nazi victims at the Koblenz Förderverein Memorial for the Victims of National Socialism in Koblenz e. V. (Memorial Koblenz) , the u. a. also runs various exhibition projects and on whose initiative the memorial for the victims of National Socialism was erected in Koblenz in 2001 . The fate of Georg Krämer is presented in the permanent exhibition Victims of National Socialism from Koblenz and the surrounding area in different, changing subject areas.

To commemorate Georg Krämer, the artist Gunter Demnig laid a “ stumbling block ” in front of Krämer's former apartment at Bismarckstrasse 6b in Koblenz in August 2011 as part of his memorial project of the same name and with the participation of the city of Koblenz and the Koblenz memorial association .

Georg Krämer's fate is explained in detail in two different English-language non-fiction books that deal in whole or in part with the life of his son Fritz GA Kraemer, who emigrated to Italy in 1933 and later via Great Britain to the USA , and his work as an important US geostrategist treated with. In his 1998/1999 autobiography Adventures of a Bystander, the American economist Peter F. Drucker deals with Fritz Kraemer in a separate chapter and also deals with the fate of his father Georg Krämer. The True Keeper of the Holy Flame biography . The Legacy of Pentagon Strategist and Mentor Dr Fritz Kraemer by the German political scientist and lawyer Hubertus Hoffmann , the second edition of which came out in 2012, deals with the geostrategist and mentor von Hoffmann, Fritz Kraemer; The new edition devotes a separate chapter to his family and father Georg Krämer.

In the exhibition Dr. Georg Krämer (1872–1942) and other Jewish lawyers from Koblenz , which was developed by the Förderverein Mahnmal Koblenz and has been shown in the New Justice Center in Koblenz since mid-April 2013, in cooperation with several Koblenz judicial authorities, will be presented in the form of a memorial exhibition on the fate of Georg Krämer and eight other Jewish lawyers from Koblenz who were victims of the Nazi regime . The exhibits are designed as a traveling exhibition and are to be shown in other locations in Germany in the future.

literature

  • Hubertus Hoffmann : Jewish Roots and Drama in Germany. In: Ders .: True Keeper of the Holy Flame. The Legacy of Pentagon Strategist and Mentor Dr Fritz Kraemer. 2nd Edition. Verlag Inspiration Un Limited, London and Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-9812110-5-4 , pp. 50-69 (English).
  • Peter F. Drucker : The Man Who Invented Kissinger. In: Ders .: Adventures of a Bystander. Harper & Row, New York 1979. Extended edition: John Wiley, New York 1998, ISBN 0-471-24739-1 , pp. 141–157 (English; the chapter on Fritz Kraemer in Drucker's autobiography also contains a portrait of Georg Krämer on p. 143 f.).
  • Hans Bergemann, Simone Ladwig-Winters: Judges and prosecutors of Jewish origin in Prussia under National Socialism. A factual investigation. A documentation (=  legal fact research ). Bundesanzeiger-Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89817-352-6 , p. 227 ff.
  • Klaus Luig: ... because he is not of Aryan descent. Jewish lawyers in Cologne during the Nazi era. Ed .: Cologne Bar Association. Verlag O. Schmidt, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-504-01012-6 , pp. 53, 245 ff.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Biographical information on Georg Krämer . On: Website of the Friends' Association Memorial for the Victims of National Socialism in Koblenz e. V. , Koblenz. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  2. ↑ Klaus Luig: ... because he is not of Aryan descent. Jewish lawyers in Cologne during the Nazi era. Ed .: Cologne Bar Association. O. Schmidt, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-504-01012-6 , p. 53.
  3. ↑ a b Information on Dr. Georg Krämer ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). In: Victims database of the Czech portal Holocaust.cz, Prague. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  4. ↑ Obituary report for Georg Krämer ( memento from April 28, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), issued on November 1, 1942 in the Theresienstadt ghetto . Facsimile of the document on the Czech portal Holocaust.cz. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  5. ↑ See: Szabolcs Szita: Deported , starved, destroyed. The deportation of Hungarian Jews to annexed Austria 1944–1945. Eichbauer Verlag, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-901699-10-4 , u. a. Pp. 51, 185.
  6. ^ Website of the Friends' Association Memorial for the Victims of National Socialism in Koblenz e. V. , Koblenz (mahnmal-koblenz.de). Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  7. ↑ See solo exhibitions . On: Website of the Friends' Association Memorial for the Victims of National Socialism in Koblenz e. V. , Koblenz. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  8. ^ "Stumbling blocks" in Koblenz . On: Website of the Friends' Association Memorial for the Victims of National Socialism in Koblenz e. V. , Koblenz. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  9. ↑ Dr. Georg Krämer (1872–1942) and other Jewish lawyers from Koblenz . Exhibition flyer for the exhibition in the New Justice Center in Koblenz in April / May 2013. On: Website of the Friends' Association Memorial for the Victims of National Socialism in Koblenz e. V. , Koblenz. PDF file, 217 kB; Retrieved April 18, 2013.
personal data
SURNAME Kramer, Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and persecuted under National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH August 25, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH November 1, 1942
Place of death Theresienstadt