Gertrud Marx

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Gertrud Marx , née Gessinger (called: Trude ) (born June 3, 1904 in Berlin - † May 3, 1989 ) was a German resistance fighter against National Socialism , prisoner in the Moringen and Ravensbrück concentration camps , mayor and general secretary of the Association of the Persecuted Nazi regime (VVN).

Life

Gertrud Marx, the daughter of a waiter and a tiler, attended elementary school, trained as a nanny and worked as a private nanny. She joined the Socialist Workers' Youth (SAJ) in 1925 , became a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1928 and was politically active against the rise of fascism . Also in 1928 she married the toolmaker Karl Marx (1898–1937), who was a supporter of the Red Shock Troop resistance group .

After the transfer of power to the NSDAP , she continued her resistance illegally , was taken into “ protective custody ” in February 1936 and soon afterwards transferred to the Moringen concentration camp. She was released on July 1, 1937, and found work as a secretary in a law firm. On September 1, 1939, she was arrested again and despite acquittal by the People's Court to the Ravensbruck concentration camp deported . She was held here until April 2, 1940. Subsequently, until the end of the war in 1945, she was assigned to work as a shorthand typist in Military District III Berlin.

When the Nazi rule was eliminated, Gertrud Marx joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in May 1945 and became mayor of Rheinsberg . In 1946 she became a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and was a delegate at the Unification Party Congress in April 1946 . From April 24, 1946 to 1947 she acted as mayor of Neuruppin . In 1948 she worked as a senior clerk in the German Economic Commission (DWK). She made her experiences from resistance and persecution available to the VVN's work on remembrance politics , on whose inner board she had worked since 1947. In 1949 she was Secretary General of the VVN for a short time. She was also elected in May 1949 with the mandate of the VVN as a member of the Second German People's Council, the forerunner of the People's Chamber of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). From October 1949 to November 1950 she was a member of the Provisional People's Chamber. In 1950/51 she studied at the party college "Karl Marx" and was from 1951 to 1952 secretary of the company party organization (BPO) in the Charité . From 1952 to 1954 she worked as a deputy head of department in the magistrate of Berlin and from 1955 to 1959 as an employee in the council of the Oranienburg district and in the secretariat of the district committee of the National Front . From 1959 to 1972 she was mayor of Birkenwerder . She was also a member of the SED district leadership in Oranienburg and chairwoman of the district committee of anti-fascist resistance fighters . Gertrud Marx last lived in Hohen Neuendorf .

In 2010, the working group on historic city ​​centers recruited tourists to visit the historic town hall , where Marx worked. The “ Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung ” also discovered the prominent former mayor for an initiative to posthumously honor her in October 2010 . Since October 2018, a stumbling stone has been attached to her former home at Stephanstrasse 19 in Berlin-Moabit in remembrance of Gertrud Marx and Karl Marx.

literature

  • Rudolf Küstermeier: The Red Assault Troop. German Resistance Memorial Center. Berlin 1982. 1st edition.
  • Dennis Egginger-Gonzalez: The Red Assault Troop. An early left-wing socialist resistance group against National Socialism. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3867322744
  • Sigrid Jacobeit and Lieselotte Thomas-Heinrich: Way of the Cross Ravensbrück. Life pictures of anti-fascist resistance fighters , Leipzig 1987, p. 116.
  • Elke Reuter, Detlef Hansel: The short life of the VVN from 1947 to 1953: The history of those persecuted by the Nazi regime in the Soviet Zone and GDR. Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-929161-97-4 , p. 576.
  • Gerd-Rüdiger Stephan, Andreas Herbst , Christine Krauss, Daniel Küchenmeister (eds.): The parties and organizations of the GDR: A manual, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-320-01988-0 , p. 1021.

Awards

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 100 years of Birkenwerder town hall . (accessed June 21, 2018).
  2. ↑ High state awards given . In: Neues Deutschland , May 2, 1979, p. 4.
  3. ↑ http://www.ag-historische-stadtkerne.de/31Reisen/Schaustelle/Schaustelle2010/Bilder/NEURUPPIN.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 20, 2011@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ag-historische-stadtkerne.de  
  4. ↑ http://www.maerkischeallgemeine.de/cms/beitrag/11912734/61299/Buergermeister-will-Damen-ehren-Neuruppin-entdeck-die-Frau.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 20, 2011@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.maerkischeallgemeine.de  
personal data
SURNAME Marx, Gertrud
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marx, Trude; Gessinger, Gertrud (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Socialist politician (SPD, KPD, SED), Member of the Bundestag and VVN functionary
DATE OF BIRTH June 3, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH May 3, 1989