History of Hoheluft

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The history of Hoheluft covers the period from the settlement of the area in the early 19th century to the establishment of Hoheluft-Ost and Hoheluft-West as independent districts in 1951. Because of the changes in the district boundaries during this period, the neighboring districts of Eppendorf and Lokstedt are also included and Eimsbüttel included.

Location and etymology

Map section from 1866
  • Border to Prussia
  • Hoheluftchaussee
  • Isebek (partial course)

    • In the 19th century, Hoheluft was a small settlement on the Hoheluftchaussee north of Gärtnerstrasse, west of the short section to today's Troplowitzstrasse. The Hamburg border ran along Troplowitzstrasse, to the north of which the Hoheluftchaussee becomes Lokstedter Steindamm. The term Hoheluft became established over time for the area between the later canalized Isebek in the south and the border to the dominion of Pinneberg in the north. The central axis in north-south direction was today's Hoheluftchaussee, first a land route and then expanded as a road . On the northern border between Hoheluft and Lokstedt, at Hoheluftchaussee 165, there is a listed border stone that was erected in 1789 under the Danish King Christian VII . The rule of Pinneberg came to the Prussian district of Pinneberg after the German War in 1867 , while Hamburg remained independent. Therefore the border between Hoheluft and Lokstedt also remained a customs border . The boundaries of the area to the east and west can be determined less precisely.

    The origin of the name Hoheluft is not clearly known. The local researchers Wilhelm Melhop and Armin Clasen assume that the border point Veerendeel to the former village of Lokstedt as a hill of the area above the lowlands of the Isebek was called "on the Hohenluft". But it can also be that the name is traced back to a gallows erected in 1602 or to the "Hoge Licht" of the local inn. The light should serve as orientation for the carters at night and in fog. The gallows and the "high air" are sometimes brought together by folk etymology because those who were executed hang high in the air. However, the place name Veerendeel probably stands for the type of execution four parts , with which at most the remains of people who died in this way would have been put on display in the air.

    history

    → For the historical development from the 1950s see the two district articles : Hoheluft-Ost and Hoheluft-West .

    Hoheluft was mentioned in a document in the church register of Eppendorf in 1802, then in 1805 in protocols of the Johanniskloster, which describe a property "on the high Lucht". The Hoheluft parcel thus belonged to Eppendorf. Eppendorf, along with Eimsbüttel , Harvestehude and Winterhude, belonged to the former Harvestehude monastery , which was transferred to the St. Johannis Foundation in the course of the Reformation in 1530. In monastery protocols from 1805 it is recorded that 40 people lived in Hoheluft. In 1830, Eppendorf including Hoheluft and other villages close to the city ​​were transferred to the Geestlande rulership and thus to municipal ownership.

    In topographies of the 19th century, the number of inhabitants is given as "40, including 2 inns, 1 butcher and 3 shoemakers". The Hoheluft in Hamburg only played a certain role as a customs post on the border with Lokstedt in Holstein .

    At the turn of the year 1860/61, the nocturnal gate lock was lifted, so that a branch in the outskirts of the city became more attractive. Until well into the 19th century, the area south of Gärtnerstrasse was pastureland. To the north there was the Kätnerkamp, which consisted of arable and garden land for the Kätner . It was not until 1870 that the hallways gradually became residential areas. While the quarter between Bismarckstrasse and Gärtnerstrasse, known today as the “ Generalsviertel ” , was formed as a purely residential area made up of single-family and multi-storey buildings, north of Gärtnerstrasse a densely built-up area of ​​multi-storey buildings with rear terraces and passageways emerged, with factories (tobacco factory, brewery) on the edges. and later the chemical factory of Paul Carl Beiersdorf on Quickbornstrasse was established.

    Since 1892 there was an initiative of the residents in Hoheluft, which campaigned for its own parish. In 1895, the evangelical parish of Hoheluft, which was detached from Eppendorf, was founded, which contributed significantly to the development of an independent district. The parish church of St. Markus was built until 1899.

    1896 founded citizens Wittorfs beer hall at the Hoheluftchaussee / corner Gärtnerstraße the High Lufter Civic Association , which today as Citizen Association of High Air Großlokstedt 1896 eV exists. The citizens' association has been publishing its own magazine since 1954.

    In 1912 the ring line of the elevated railway between Rathausmarkt and Barmbeck was opened. Hoheluft was better developed especially through the Hoheluftbrücke station .

    With the Greater Hamburg Law of 1937, the area of ​​Hamburg almost doubled. This was followed by a territorial reform in 1939 , with which 10 "districts" (roughly equivalent to today's city districts), 110 "districts" (roughly equivalent to today's city districts) and 178 districts included were created. For the first time, Hoheluft was a separate "district" (district), Hoheluft belonged to District 1, had district number 12, and consisted of four districts:

    • "Otto Blöcker" (No. 118), the northern part of today's Hoheluft-Ost (divided on Abendrothsweg), plus the block Hoheluftchaussee - Eppendorfer Weg - Wrangelstrasse - Troplowitzstrasse of today's Hoheluft-West. The district was named after a martyr stylized Hitler Youth who was shot to death in Hoheluft in 1933.
    • "Falkenburg" (No. 119), the southern part of today's Hoheluft-Ost, divided on Abendrothsweg.
    • "Gneisenau" (No. 120), roughly the southern part of today's Hoheluft-West, bounded by Eppendorfer Weg, Hoheluftchaussee, Isebekkanal and Scheideweg.
    • "Flanders" (No. 121), roughly the northern part of today's Hoheluft-West, but shifted a little to the west. The district was bordered by Troplowitzstraße, Wrangelstraße, Eppendorfer Weg, Unnastraße - Eidelstedter Weg.

    The population reached its peak shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War . After Operation Gomorrah , through which parts of the district were destroyed, the population also fell in Hoheluft through escape and evacuations.

    religion

    → For the development of religious communities from the 1950s onwards, see the two district articles : Hoheluft-Ost and Hoheluft-West .

    Christian religion
    St. Mark

    Hoheluft originally belonged to the large district of St. Johannis in Eppendorf . St. Mark's Church was completed in 1899. In 1893 it was decided to separate the independent parish Hoheluft, which was carried out in 1905.

    From the time of the Reformation , the Lutheran creed was the state religion in Hamburg. From 1529 onwards there were no more Catholic parishes in Hamburg, only in neighboring Altona there was religious freedom. It was not until the French era that it came to Hamburg, the Kleine Michel was the first Catholic church in the city. Since the Hoheluft area was not settled until the second half of the 19th century, a Catholic parish would have been possible if there was a need. However, the number of Catholics in the whole of Hamburg was still small, in 1933 there were only 63,000 Catholics (5.5%) with just under 1.2 million inhabitants in Hamburg before the Greater Hamburg Law , of whom probably only half were churchgoers were. Therefore, there were only a few Catholic parishes in Hamburg with correspondingly large parishes. There is no Catholic parish in Hoheluft, but not far away are St. Bonifatius in Eimsbüttel (consecrated in 1910) and St. Elisabeth in Harvestehude (consecrated in 1926).

    Judaism
    Stumbling block for Albert Glaser, assistant cantor at the synagogue in the Hoheluftchaussee

    The center of Jewish life in Hamburg at the end of the 19th century was the Grindelviertel . The Hoheluft area is north of it.

    In 1909 the orthodox association "Kelilath Jofi" and "Agudath Jescharim" had a rear building converted into a synagogue in Hoheluftchaussee 25 a according to plans by the architect Semmy Engel . The building, a “bright, high-window church with a spacious women's synagogue”, no longer exists, probably destroyed in air raids. In the vicinity of the synagogue at Hoheluftchaussee 9, from 1908, the kosher Moses slaughterhouse was located, which was closed by the Nazis in 1938.

    economy

    → For the development of the economy from the 1950s, see the two district articles : Hoheluft-Ost and Hoheluft-West .

    During development between 1885 and 1914, residential buildings were often combined with commercial operations in Hoheluft. Important commercial enterprises were:

    • Tobacco factory von Eicken on Hoheluftchaussee 95, built 1902–1909
    • Heide large bakery (bread factory) between Isebek Canal and Hegestrasse 40, built in 1911/15
    • Tram depot with car construction company and repair workshop, today the Falkenried vehicle workshop

    Retail also developed particularly along the Hoheluftchaussee. Oberdörffers pharmacy at Hoheluftchaussee 56 is considered to be the oldest pharmacy in Hamburg. The pharmacy was founded in 1531 on the Great Burstah and moved to the Hoheluftchaussee after the Great Fire in 1842. However, today's pharmacy resides in a post-war building.

    Hoheluft has been the location of Beiersdorf , the only DAX company in Hamburg , since 1892 .

    literature

    • Klaus Tornier: Hamburg-Hoheluft - The district of the century . BoD, Norderstedt 2013, ISBN 978-3-7322-6297-7 . (Despite appearing on the self-publishing platform, a publication that is at least locally noticed, partly online .)
    • Karin Kuppig: Eppendorfbuch: with Grindelviertel, Harvestehude, Rotherbaum, Hoheluft-Ost and Groß Borstel . Junius, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-88506-045-1 .
    • Karin Kuppig: Eimsbüttelbuch: with Eidelstedt, Hoheluft-West, Lokstedt, Niendorf, Schnelsen, Stellingen . Junius Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-88506-496-1 .

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Franklin Kopitzsch , Daniel Tilgner (ed.): Hamburg Lexikon. 4th, updated and expanded special edition. Ellert & Richter, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8319-0373-3 .
    2. ↑ a b c Matthias Schmoock: Hoheluft-Ost as it used to be . In: Hamburger Abendblatt from December 7, 2013.
    3. ↑ a b c Promenade with gallows , reading from October 2, 2014 / excerpts from the book by Klaus Tornier.
    4. ^ Horst Beckershaus: The names of the Hamburg districts. Where do they come from and what they mean , Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-434-52545-9 , p. 58 f.
    5. ^ Heinz H. Behrens: Hamburger Hoheluft , CKB Hamburg.
    6. ^ Klaus Tornier: Hamburg-Hoheluft - The district of the century . Norderstedt 2014, p. 121.
    7. ↑ Official website of the citizens' association Hoheluft-Großlokstedt from 1896
    8. ↑ Local newspaper and information sheet for Hoheluft, Lokstedt, Niendorf, Schnelsen in the DNB , editions online since 2009 .
    9. ↑ Hamburg address book 1941 , section 2 (territorial division of the Hanseatic City of Hamburg) p. 49 ( online )
    10. ↑ Holger Wilken: The Catholic community in (Old) Hamburg 1933-1945 . In: Rainer Hering (Hrsg.): Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte (20th century) , part 5. (= Volume 26, works on the church history of Hamburg ). Hamburg University Press, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-937816-46-3 , doi : 10.15460 / HUP.AKGH.26.71 , p. 244.
    11. ^ Irmgard Stein: Jewish monuments in Hamburg . (= Volume 11 of Hamburg contributions to the history of the German Jews ). H. Christians, 1984, ISBN 3767208393 , pp. 94f.
    12. ^ Klaus Tornier: Hamburg-Hoheluft - The district of the century . Norderstedt 2014, pp. 119–120.