Religion and world view in Hamburg

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Hamburg's largest Christian religious community has been the Evangelical Lutheran Church since the Reformation . Hamburg is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese . Due to its position as an important port city, it has long been open to other denominations. The first activities of Methodists are documented in 1817. The first German Baptist church was founded in Hamburg in 1834 . The Jewish community has a long tradition. Due to immigration at the end of the 20th century, other religious traditions, especially Muslims , also settled in Hamburg.

Ruins of the Hamburg Cathedral Church in 1806

Denomination statistics

At the end of 2019, 24.2% of the population were Protestant, 9.6% Catholics and 66.2% either have another religion or no religion. The number of Protestants has continuously decreased over the past few decades. The number of Catholics is also currently falling. At the end of December 2017, 25.5 percent of the population belonged to the Protestant Church; in 2018, 9.9 percent were members of the Roman Catholic Church . In the 2011 census , 29.8% of the population stated to be Protestant, 9.8% Roman Catholic and 60.4% gave no or different information.

Christianity

The city of Hamburg initially belonged to the diocese of Verden . In 834 Ansgar , head of the monastery school in Corvey , was appointed archbishop of Hamburg by Emperor Ludwig the Pious . In 845 the archbishopric was moved from Hamburg to Bremen. This was followed by the mission to northern Germany and all of northern Europe from Bremen . The Archbishopric of Bremen covered in 11th century northern Germany, Denmark , Sweden , Norway , Finland , Iceland and Greenland .

Protestant church

reformation

Johannes Aepinus Superintendent in Hamburg

From 1522 the Reformation took hold (first evangelical sermon). Since 1526 almost the entire citizenship, from 1528 also the city council, was completely convinced of the Lutheran creed and in 1529 the Free Imperial City of Hamburg introduced a new church order with the help of Johannes Bugenhagen . This is considered to be the hour of birth of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Hamburg state . In the following centuries she was responsible for church life in Hamburg. The church was headed by a superintendent who was installed as early as 1532. The Catholic monasteries were abolished and the hospitals converted into Protestant foundations. Non-Lutherans could no longer obtain civil rights. The Reformed Confession was also not tolerated. Therefore, Hamburg is still considered a traditionally evangelical-Lutheran city.

The Hamburg city constitution was closely linked to the church constitution. The parishes of the main churches also formed the political structure of the city, and the pastors took part in the school supervision. The cathedral was still subordinate to the cathedral chapter with ties to the diocese of Bremen. He accepted the Reformation until 1561 and remained extraterritorial until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . He did not belong to the Hamburg city church.

Modern times

Other denominations could only hold their services in neighboring Altona in Holstein . Already in 1601 was based here under the protection of Count Ernst of Holstein-Schaumburg existing today Mennonite Church Altona. The Reformed Church followed a year later. In 1658, the Danish King Friedrich III. In his capacity as Duke of Holstein, he also built a Catholic church from which the St. Joseph's Church, which still exists today, emerged . The street names Kleine and Große Freiheit still remind of the freedom of trade and belief in Altona. In Hamburg itself, the city council did not allow the city to hold non-Lutheran services in private areas until 1785. However, under the protection of the Dutch envoy, a small Reformed congregation was able to establish itself as early as the 17th century , which from 1710 also had a permanent clergyman. In 1744 a French Reformed community was established.

The annexation to France in 1811 basically brought unlimited religious freedom. The weight of the Catholics was increased. The state confronted all approved religious communities with emphatic neutrality. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, however, the equality of citizens before the law was abolished again.

However, full equality of all denominations could only be achieved in the 19th century . At that time a Catholic parish was established again, which received the small Michaeliskirche for use in 1811 and 1824 respectively .

The "Little Michel" from the east with the tower of the "Big Michel"

The administration of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Hamburg state was incumbent on the Senate as a college until 1918. Spiritual leaders were initially superintendents. Since the end of the 16th century , the office has not been filled again and the leadership of the church was with the pastors of the main churches, the senior one carried the title " senior ". In 1923 the church received a new constitution, which replaced the church constitutions of 1870 and 1896 and the emergency ordinance of 1919. From then on, the “Senior”, elected from the ranks of the main pastors (the pastors of the main churches St. Petri , St. Nikolai , St. Katharinen , St. Jacobi and St. Michaelis ) by the regional synod, was at the head of the Hamburg Church received the title of " regional bishop ". At least since 1938, when the city of Hamburg was considerably enlarged by the Greater Hamburg Law , the church area was no longer identical with the state area. But it took almost 40 years before this situation was evened out again. Because in 1977 the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Hamburg state merged with other regional churches in the Schleswig-Holstein area to form the North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church . Here Hamburg became the seat of one of the three districts (episcopal districts), which is divided into the church districts of Alt-Hamburg, Altona, Blankenese, Harburg, Niendorf and Stormarn and thus includes all Protestant parishes of today's city of Hamburg, provided that they are not self-employed parishes Evangelical Lutheran Church , the Evangelical Reformed Church or the Evangelical Free Churches . In addition to the churches already mentioned, there are the Evangelical Lutheran seaman's churches in the Nordic countries of Denmark , Norway , Sweden and Finland in the Neustadt .

In 1953, 1981 and 1995 Protestant church congresses were guests in Hamburg.

Evangelical Reformed Churches

The first Reformed Christians came to Hamburg in the 16th century. It was mainly Flemings, Walloons and Dutch who fled the united Netherlands from the reign of terror of the Duke of Alba . The so-called Huguenots came from France . Free religious practice was hardly possible in the Lutheran city of Hamburg in the first few years. Therefore, the first Reformed congregation had in Holstein, even to the then Danish state belonging Altona are established where in 1602 the freedom of religion was introduced. At that time the preaching was in German, Dutch and French. It was not until 1785, in the Age of Enlightenment, that the Reformed in Hamburg proper received the comprehensive right to freely practice their religion. The German and French Reformed congregations in Hamburg and Altona merged in 1976 to form the Evangelical Reformed Church in Hamburg , which belongs to the Federation of Evangelical Reformed Churches in Germany and in the districts of Altstadt and Altona-Altstadt via churches and an additional place of worship in the church owned Altenhof (a retirement and nursing home) in Winterhuder Weg in Barmbek-Süd .

Catholic Church

St. Mary's Cathedral (Hamburg)

In the 19th century had moved Catholics Hamburg were in the Diaspora ( Apostolic Vicariate of Nordic missions ). Since the beginning of the 19th century the " little Michel " was the Catholic Church in Hamburg, in 1893 the Church of St. Marien (now Domkirche ) was consecrated. The jurisdiction of this area was subordinated to the Diocese of Osnabrück in 1841 . In 1868 it belonged to the North German Mission and in 1930 these areas were formally incorporated into the Diocese of Osnabrück, which at the time belonged to the Church Province of Cologne. In the course of the reunification of the two German states, the church structures were also reorganized and in 1993 the new Archdiocese of Hamburg was established, whose territory includes the states of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein , as well as the Mecklenburg part of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The actual establishment took place on January 7, 1995. The dioceses of Osnabrück and Hildesheim were assigned to the Archdiocese of Hamburg as suffragans . The parishes of the city of Hamburg belong to the deaneries Altona, Harburg, Hamburg-Mitte, Hamburg-Nord and Wandsbek. According to the census, 184,470 Catholics were living in Hamburg on May 9, 2011. According to church statistics, 182,450 Catholics (9.9% of the total population) lived in Hamburg on December 31, 2018.

Anglicans and Old Catholics

As early as 1612, the Anglicans in Hamburg were the first non-Lutheran religious community to be granted the right to freely practice their religion. From 1826 to 1891 the English Reformed Church was at the Johannisbollwerk. The St. Thomas a Beckett Church on Englischen Planke in Neustadt was built in 1836/38.

There is also a congregation of the Old Catholic Church , which has been in full communion with the churches of the Anglican Communion since 1931 . She celebrates her services in the Evangelical Main Church Altona, St. Trinitatis .

Apostolic Communities

New Apostolic Church in Hamburg-Borgfelde (2006)

Due to differences of opinion regarding the church doctrine, there was a schism in the Catholic-Apostolic Congregation in Hamburg in 1863, as a result of which a large part of the members of this congregation was excommunicated from the church . In the following time they joined together to form the General Apostolic Congregation, from which the first congregation of the New Apostolic Church (NAK) developed (from around 1878) . Since then, Hamburg has been considered the place of origin of the New Apostolic Church, whose oldest congregation has been in Hamburg-Borgfelde since 1863. On May 4, 1925, the church was recognized by the Hamburg Senate as a public corporation .

Today the congregations of the NAK in Hamburg are organizationally part of the District Church of Northern Germany. There are 123 congregations in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, in which around 24,000 members profess the New Apostolic faith.

Free Churches

Concession of the Hamburg Senate (1858) for the Baptists

Baptists

In 1834 the first German Baptist church was founded in Hamburg . It was founded by Johann Gerhard Oncken and was the nucleus of most of the continental European Baptist churches. In 1858 it was officially recognized by the Hamburg Senate through a concession . Since 1942 the German Baptists have been united in the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany .

In 1880 the seminary of the German Baptists started teaching in Hamburg . Initially it was housed in the mission chapel on Böhmkenstrasse, which was destroyed in World War II . From 1888 to 1997 the theological training center was located in Hamburg-Horn . Then the move to Wustermark -Elstal took place. Today 15 Evangelical Free Churches (Baptists) work in Hamburg. A number of diaconal works and institutions are also associated with the Free Church, including the Albertinen Hospital in Schnelsen and the Tabea Diakonie in Blankenese.

Methodist Church

The first document known today reports in 1817 about Methodists who came to Hamburg with English merchants.

In 1828 the Herold'schen Buchhandlung in Hamburg published a comprehensive presentation of Methodism in German for the first time, a translation of the two-volume work " John Wesley 's Life" by Robert Southey.

Mennonites

The first Mennonites came to Hamburg in 1575 as refugees from the then Catholic southern Netherlands . In 1601 Count Ernst von Schauenburg allowed them to found a community and build a church in Altona . Until 1795, preaching was still in Dutch. The Mennonite Church on Mennonitenstrasse in Altona-Nord has been the Mennonite Church of Hamburg since 1915.

see: Mennonite Congregation to Hamburg and Altona

Pentecostal Churches and Charismatic Movement

Municipalities in the BFP Other communities
  • Christian community Elim (Barmbek)
  • Christian Congregation - CCOM (Bergedorf)
  • Christian community Arche Alstertal (Wellingsbüttel)
  • Church of Pentecost
  • Korean Free Christian Church Hope
  • Persian Congregation Alpha and Omega Int.
  • Pentecostal Church Hamburg
  • Christ Center Harburg

Jesus freaks

The Jesus Freaks , a free church of the Christian youth movement, were born in Hamburg.

Interdenominational Christianity

The Evangelical Alliance Hamburg is a community of Christians from parishes and works in Hamburg and the surrounding area. The chairman of the EAH is Pastor Matthias C. Wolff.

Together for Hamburg (GfH), an initiative of the Evangelical Alliance Hamburg , organized a Jesus Day for the first time on October 6, 2007 in the CCH , a fair for Christian communities and works.

Churches in the ACKH

The majority of the churches and free churches are united in the ACKH ( Working Group of Christian Churches in Hamburg).

Members of the ACKH are:

The following churches, free churches and religious communities have guest status :

In addition, the Ecumenical Youth Council Hamburg (ÖJR) enjoys observer status within the ACKH.

Archangel Michael Church in Hamburg-Eilbek , Serbian Orthodox

See also: Free Church and Association of Evangelical Free Churches (VEF)

Others

In addition to all of the religious communities mentioned, there are other groups in Hamburg belonging to the Christian tradition, for example

Jehovah's Witnesses are represented by 27 German-speaking and 22 foreign-language congregations.

Judaism

Jewish life in Hamburg, Wandsbek and Altona

The cause of the emigration of the Portuguese Sephardim to Hamburg was the economic and political decline of Antwerp . Antwerp then became Spanish Catholic and this prompted the Anusim to move to the other major trading centers, such as B. to London, Amsterdam and Hamburg. Portuguese Jews settled for the first time around 1577, but they were regarded as Christians and were simply referred to as the Portuguese . Among them were the spice dealer Ferdinand Dias, the merchant Emanuel Alvares, the broker Adrian Gonzalves and the sugar importer Diego Gomes. A well-known Portuguese was Rodrigo de Castro (1566–1628), doctor and philosopher from Lisbon , who lived in Hamburg from 1594 and also died. He successfully fought the Hamburg plague of 1596 and gained great sympathy among the Hamburgers, he was allowed to buy a house in the old town as an exception. The de Castro family, who are still living in Hamburg to this day, not only produced important doctors, Benedict de Castro, the son of Rodrigo de Castro was a sought-after personal doctor at the European royal courts. Alfonso de Castro, who perished in Theresienstadt in 1943, was a tropical medicine doctor , like his son Hans, who survived Dachau , while his son Alfonso (* 1932) was a practicing dentist in Hamburg until 2000 . Glikl bas Judah Leib , the first woman in Germany to write an autobiography, belonged to the Sephardic community in Hamburg. Rahel Namias de Castro (1793–1871), daughter of Abraham Namias de Castro (1751–1818), who ran a tobacco factory in Altona, was interested in literature and was in regular correspondence with Rahel Varnhagen and Bettina von Arnim . And Henriette Herz , daughter of the Hamburg doctor Benjamin de Lemos (1711–1789), poet, philosopher and director of the Berlin Jewish Hospital from 1760 , founded the Berlin salon culture . Other well-known Portuguese were Boccario Rosales, astronomer; Joseph Frances, poet; Moses Gideon Abudiente, grammarian; Benjamin Mussafia (1606–1675), philosopher, philologist and personal physician to King Christian IV of Denmark.

Only seven Jewish families and two unmarried Jewish bachelors were legally recognized by the Hamburg Senate as Jews and not just as Portuguese. In 1616 there were 116 Portuguese Jews in Hamburg. The City Council of Hamburg successfully opposed the demand to expel the Portuguese . Shortly afterwards there is also the first Jewish bank in Hamburg. In 1619 the Hamburg bank was founded.

The former reform Jewish temple in Oberstrasse now houses the NDR's Rolf Liebermann studio.

In 1612 a two-year contract was signed between the Jewish community and the Senate, i.e. H. there must have been more than seven families there. The branch was also granted for a payment of 1,000 marks a year. A kind of freedom of establishment existed, but not yet freedom to practice one's religion. In 1649 the decree comes that the Anusim are not to be insulted as residents of foreign nations. They were allowed to trade freely, but neither circumcision nor synagogues nor a Jewish cemetery were allowed. In 1663 the Sephardic community, the only recognized Jewish community in Hamburg, had about 120 families, about 660 people. Many were diplomats in the foreign service: Daniel Abensur († 1711) was consul of the King of Poland in Hamburg; Duarte Nunes da Costa alias Jacob Curiel († 1664) and Nuñez da Costa were consul for the King of Portugal in Hamburg. Diego (Abraham) Texeira († 1666) and his son Manuel (Isaac) Texeira, who were the asset managers of Queen Christina of Sweden, also held the same office. Manuel was the resident of Queen Christina in Hamburg. Abraham Senior Teixeira supported the economy in Hamburg and protected the anusim from the pamphlets of a Lutheran. He also helped the Portuguese Jews to be recognized as a community (Beth El) in 1649. Teixeira was elected to the municipality's executive committee in 1657 and was its largest contributor - in 1658 alone he paid more than a sixth of the municipality's contributions, 660 of 3106 marks. He also made several valuable donations to the community and gave money to purchase land to build a synagogue. His son Isaac Teixeira donated the copper plates that were used to cover the tower of St. Michaelis , Hamburg's landmark. Jacob Sasportas taught from 1666 to 1672 at a Talmud high school founded by Manuel Texeira.

Ashkenazi Jews also settled in Hamburg in the 17th century . In 1648 Jews from Altona fled to Hamburg from Swedish attacks, whereupon the three communities in Hamburg, Wandsbek and Altona merged. The oldest synagogue in Hamburg was built in 1654 and existed on Neuer Steinweg until 1859. In 1712 a Jewish cemetery was built on the Grindel, which was used until 1883 and closed in 1937. The final emancipation of the Jews took place in 1849.

On March 14, 1935, the " Esnoga of the Portuguese-Jewish Community Bet Jisrael zu Hamburg" was inaugurated in Harvestehude , Innocentiastraße 37. In May 1938, at the 2nd Conference of the World Federation of Sephardic Congregations, the Directory of the Portuguese-Jewish Congregation brought the proposal: “... if possible, to bring the members of the Portuguese-Jewish Congregation of Hamburg in their entirety to emigrate and to a suitable colony to resettle again. ”The plan failed, as the many Portuguese names in the deportation lists of the National Socialists show.

Synagogue Hohe Weide

From 1937 to 1941, Joseph Carlebach was Chief Rabbi of Hamburg. He and his family were murdered by the Nazis in 1942, along with 8,000 other Hamburg Jews. Hamburg synagogues were also destroyed during the Reichspogromnacht in 1938. The SPD politician Herbert Pardo was one of the few Sephardic Jews who returned to Hamburg after the Shoah .

In 1945 a new Jewish community was founded in Hamburg, and in 1960 the Hohe Weide synagogue was inaugurated. Today, as in most places in Germany, there are numerous immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the Hamburg Jewish Community. The Liberal Jewish Congregation Hamburg was founded in 2004; in 2005 it had around 100 members. Since August 2007 there is again a Jewish school in Hamburg. Since January 2008, conservative Judaism has also been represented in Hamburg again. The initial Masorti Chavura developed quickly and has been officially registered as a community since March 2009 (Kehilat Beit Shira - Jewish Masorti Community Hamburg).

See also:

Islam

Centrum Mosque in St. George

The Muslim communities in Hamburg emerged from the first generations of guest workers. The target groups are therefore mostly foreigners with a similar cultural or linguistic background. According to official information, there are 66 mosques in the Hanseatic city . The BAMF publication "Muslim Life in Germany" results in a number of around 142,000 Muslims in Hamburg for the middle of 2008; for May 9, 2011, a calculation based on the data of the census on migrants comes to around 141,000 Muslims (8.3% of the population) and for 2013 the BASFI Hamburg published the number of around 130,000 Muslims in the Free and Hanseatic City.

Fazle Omar Mosque , Hamburg's first mosque

Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat

The Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat sent the first missionaries to Hamburg after the Second World War. In 1957 the community opened the Fazle Omar Mosque in Wieckstrasse. It is the first mosque in Hamburg and also the first mosque in Germany after the Second World War. In addition, the community has had another mosque in Pinneberger Strasse since the mid-1990s.

Imam Ali Mosque

Shiites

An important place for Iranian cultural and religious activities in Hamburg is the Islamic Center with the Imam Ali Mosque on the Outer Alster ( Hamburg-Uhlenhorst ), which was built in 1961 with the blessing and support of the top clergy in Qom / Iran . It received financial support from the Iranian state after the Islamic Revolution . High-ranking theologians are sent to Hamburg as clergy; among them from 1978 to 1980 was the future President of Iran and Hodschatoleslam Seyyed Mohammad Chātami .

Schura Hamburg / Alliance of Islamic Congregations in Northern Germany

Since 1999, the SCHURA - Council of the Islamic Communities in Hamburg eV, has been an association of 40 mosque communities and Islamic associations in Hamburg. Members of the SCHURA are Sunnis and Shiites from different countries of origin such as Turks, Iranians, Germans, Arabs, Bosnians, Albanians, Afghans, Pakistanis, Indonesians, Kurds, Africans and the like. a.

The Islamic Community Millî Görüş eV (IGMG) has a strong position among Muslims of Turkish origin . a. the alliance of Islamic communities in Northern Germany and its Centrum Mosque Hamburg in the St. Georg district belongs.

More than nine mosques can be found near the stone dam alone.

Since 1978, graves for burials according to the Islamic rites have been laid out at the Öjendorf cemetery . The burial areas are oriented towards Mecca and there are special rooms for ritual ablutions.

Hinduism

Since 1996 there has been a Mandir (Hindu temple) in Billstrasse in the Rothenburgsort district of Hamburg , which was built in a converted warehouse. The carrier is the “Afghan Hindu Community eV”. It was formed from Hindus of Indian descent who had to leave Afghanistan during the rule of the Taliban .

Buddhism

The first Buddhists in Hamburg are documented for 1906. Several citizens were members of the "Buddhist Society for Germany" founded in Leipzig in 1903 by the Indologist Karl Seidenstücker . The doctor Hans Much , who had made a name for himself among other things as the discoverer of a tubercle bacillus and the developer of the split tablet, headed the Hamburg branch of the “Association for Buddhist Life” - an offshoot of the 1891 founded by the Sinhalese Dharmapala in Calcutta "Mahābodhi Society".

Two active Hamburg Buddhist circles, the "Buddhist Arbeitskreis Hamburg eV" and the "German Circle for Orientation in Reality", came to a standstill during the Nazi era and resumed their activities in 1946. In 1954, the "Buddhist Society Hamburg eV" was founded from these two groups and was the first Buddhist association in the Federal Republic of Germany to be recognized as a non-profit organization. In 1960, Buddhists from Hamburg founded the “House of Silence” in Roseburg (near Mölln), Germany's first rural meeting place. Over the next few decades, the seminar house became an important point of contact for teachers from various branches of Buddhism who made their debut here on German soil. This also influenced the Buddhist landscape in nearby Hamburg.

Zen Buddhist circles emerged here from the mid-1960s - initially inspired by Japanese masters such as Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki or Taisen Deshimaru Roshi . Today, in addition to other recognized Zen groups, related traditions with a Korean (Seon), Vietnamese (Thiền) and Chinese (Chan) background are represented in Hamburg.

Geshe Gendün Lodrö aroused interest in Tibetan Buddhism . In 1967 he was sent to the University of Hamburg as a research assistant, and in 1979 he was appointed to the first Hamburg chair for Tibetan culture and language. The recommendation came from the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso , who took over the patronage of the Tibetan Center eV in Hamburg in 1977.

In 1979, major aid campaigns were carried out by the weekly newspaper Die Zeit and the aid committee A Ship for Vietnam (later: Cap Anamur / Deutsche Not-Doctors e.V.). Hundreds of Vietnamese who were rescued as boat people and came to Hamburg formed the cornerstone of the Vietnamese Buddhist community. Today the community based in the Bao Quang Pagoda in Billbrook has around 4,000 followers. Other ethnic-Asian communities include: The Thai-Buddhist temple Wat Buddhabharami in the Tonndorf district, the Thai-Buddhist Association Hamburg eV in Steilshoop / Ohlsdorf, and the Buddhist Vihara Hamburg eV, whose members are mostly from Sri Lanka.

Buddhism has been researched and taught at the Numata Center at Hamburg University since it was founded in 1914. Between 15,000 and 20,000 practicing Buddhists of Asian and German origin live in Hamburg. The number of Vietnamese Buddhists alone is over 4,000, the number of Thai Buddhists (predominantly women) is estimated at 7,000 to 8,000. After Berlin, Hamburg is home to the second largest Chinese community in Germany. Around 2,750 Japanese people also live in Hamburg. The approx. 60 Buddhist centers and groups of different styles not only pursue their own activities, but have been working closely together in various areas across traditions for a long time - be it at the Vesakh celebrations that have been organized jointly for decades, within the framework of the German Buddhist Union or at the International Garden Show 2013 in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg. Since May 2017, a significant part of the Buddhist organizations has been organized in the Hamburg Buddhist Religious Community. This sees itself as a contact person for authorities, political and social institutions, as well as the public. In doing so, it takes a cross-traditional position that corresponds to the broadest possible consensus of all those involved.

Free religious movement

Unitarian office

Unitarians

The Unitarians have their main office in Hamburg.

Zoroastrianism

The oldest Zoroastrian organization in Germany is the Zarathustrische Verein e. V. (personal Anjomane Zartoshtiane Hamburg). One of the intentions when it was founded was to create a reservoir for Zoroastrians from Iran ; the total number of persons recorded or addressed by this association cannot be specified precisely; around 300 people have a closer relationship with this association. In principle, the association is also open to non-Zoroastrian Iranians as a meeting point for “Iranian culture”, whereby the orientation towards non-Islamic Iranian culture is also evident in the cooperation with the Iran Museum in Reinbek near Hamburg. Parsing also uses the club's services to a lesser extent . Both the management and the orientation of the association are based on Iranian Zoroastrianism, i. H. Jamshedi Nowruz (March 21) is celebrated as the New Year, while the majority of the Parsees in India - due to calendar reforms and miscalculations of leap years in the course of history - do not celebrate the New Year until August or September. Another central festival that is organized every year by the Zoroastrian Association is Zoroastria's birthday. Other Zoroastrian festivals such as Tiragan or Mehragan are also based on the Iranian festival calendar. Other club activities relate to lecture activities, so u. a. in Hamburg, Düsseldorf, Cologne and Berlin. In contrast to Iran, the Zoroastrian Association does not have a permanent priest who could regularly perform rituals or religious meetings in a “cult room”. Only on certain occasions can Zoroastrian priests, either from Iran or Great Britain or Sweden, be invited to Hamburg to carry out ritual religious celebrations.

Scientology

Scientology building on Domplatz

According to the Scientology Church, Hamburg has a special meaning for German Scientologists. In the late 1960s the first followers of the Church of Scientology returned to Germany who had completed their training in advanced Scientology studies at the then world center of the organization in Saint Hill , England. They initially moved into some office space on Poststrasse in downtown Hamburg. Soon they rented an office building on Steindamm in St. Georg .

In 1999 the organization moved its Hamburg headquarters to a larger building in the city center, not far from the town hall and the ev.-luth. Main Church of St. Petri. The five-story house is over 3000 square meters. Among the many rooms in the building there are thirty alone which have been set up for the special central practice of the community called " auditing ".

There has also been an independent Scientology mission in Hamburg since 2012.

Religious affiliation 1880 and 2017

Of the population in 1880:

  • Evangelical 92.5%,
  • Catholic 2.7%,
  • Israelites 3.5%,
  • 1.3% believers in other religions or without a religious belief.

According to EKD statistics, at the end of 2017

  • 25.5% of the Hamburg population are Protestant and
  • 10.6% Catholic.
  • 63.9% have another or no religious belief.

literature

Web links

Christianity
Judaism
Islam
Buddhism
Scientology
Other

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The North Church at a Glance Statistics 2019
  2. ↑ Statistics 2019 , accessed on June 28, 2020
  3. ↑ Current statistics - church membership figures 2001–2015 ( Memento from April 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Diocese of Hamburg Church Statistics 2018 .
  5. ↑ Evangelical Church in Germany - Church membership numbers as of December 31, 2017 EKD, December 2018
  6. ↑ [1]
  7. ↑ Census 2011 City of Hamburg Religion
  8. ↑ Evangelical-Reformed Congregation: History panel ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.erk-hamburg.de
  9. ↑ Helmut Stubb da Luz: Secularization? - The Paris state and Hamburg's churches during Napoleon's reign (1811-1814) . In: Isa Lübbers (ed.), Martin Rößler (ed.), Joachim Stüben (ed.): Secularization - a world-historical process in Hamburg . Peter Lang GmbH, Frankfurt / M. 2017, ISBN 978-3-631-67547-2 , pp. 140-150
  10. ↑ Census2011 - results . Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  11. ↑ Archbishopric Hamburg Church Statistics 2018, page 16 , accessed on September 29, 2019
  12. ↑ Church statistics, population, catholics, federal states , accessed on September 29, 2019
  13. ↑ Hamburg Law and Ordinance Gazette (excerpt) of May 7, 1925
  14. ↑ Organization. In: New Apostolic Church Northern Germany. Retrieved August 3, 2014 .
  15. ↑ See also Evangelical-Free Church Community Hamburg I (ed.): 150 Years Oncken-Congregation , Hamburg 1984, pp. 21–34
  16. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfp.de
  17. ↑ Member churches in the Working Group of Christian Churches in Hamburg ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ack-hamburg.de
  18. ↑ Allah's appearance in Hamburg , Welt on November 4th, 2007
  19. ↑ Map page: Muslims in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg - communities . March 27, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  20. ^ Citizenship of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, printed matter 21/4559 . May 31, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  21. ^ Manfred Hutter: Zoroastrianism in Germany. In: Handbuch der Religionen , 10th supplementary delivery, ed. by Michael Klöcker and Udo Tworuschka, Munich: Olzog 2005, p. 3.
  22. ↑ Hamburg . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 8, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 38.
  23. ↑ Evangelical Church in Germany - Church membership numbers as of December 31, 2017 EKD, December 2018