Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne

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Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne
Elisabeth Gnauch-Kühne at the age of approx. 35, archived in the Ida-Seele archive
Letter to Countess Pauline von Montgelas , archived in the Ida-Seele archive

Caroline Franziska Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne (born January 2, 1850 in Vechelde , † April 12, 1917 in Blankenburg, Harz ) was a women's rights activist and an important programmer in the Protestant and Catholic women's movement.

Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne is considered the first German social politician.

Life

On January 2, 1850, Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne was born as the daughter of the lawyer ( public prosecutor ) Friedrich August Kühne and his wife Maria Dorothea Henriette, née Dünnhaupt († 1881). Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne was the youngest of three siblings. She completed the “Royal Saxon Teachers' Seminar ” in Callnberg , which was characterized by a spirit of puritanical sobriety and severity. At the age of 17 she passed the exam and then worked as a private teacher and educator a. a. in Paris and London.

In 1875 Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne founded an educational institute for girls in Blankenburg (Harz) with the name "Educational Institute for Daughters of Higher Classes". Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne managed the home until her marriage in 1888. Her marriage to the neurologist Rudolf Gnauck failed after a few months and was divorced in 1890.

In the 1890s Gnauck-Kühne studied first privately with the economist Gustav Schmoller , and from 1895 with a special ministerial permit in Berlin, where she made friends with Gertrud Dyhrenfurth , among others . For their publication, The situation of women workers in the Berlin paper goods industry. A social study, the first women's pamphlet in Schmoller's yearbook, she worked for a short time in a Berlin cardboard box factory.

In 1895 the 6th Evangelical Social Congress took place in Erfurt . The fact that 45-year-old Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne also appeared as a speaker among many men was a sensation. She lectured on the social situation of women . For the first time, the question of women was dealt with from a consciously Christian point of view, "whereby the speaker spoke so convincingly that she - apparently effortlessly - succeeded in gaining the approval of her rather skeptical audience." In her lecture she deliberately did not have the question of women separated from the social question. In retrospect, she wrote:

“When I was supposed to speak in Erfurt in 1895, the action committee wanted me to deal only with the worker question. I declared firmly that I would also deal with the bourgeois woman question. Great upset. But I stayed firm. Yes, yes, the gentlemen do not like to sweep in front of their own door, they themselves do not want to change their views and relationships, only in the working class women should be treated differently.

In 1897 Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne published the essay The competition between men and women in the newspaper T Tages Rundschau . The editors of the Blankenburger Kreisblatt decided to bring the thoughts of "our famous compatriot" closer to their readers and reprinted the article in three episodes.

In 1900 Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne converted to the Catholic faith in Mautern in Styria and moved back to Blankenburg. In "Notes on the Change of Faith" she had emphatically set out the reasons for her conversion. In 1900 Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne was the editor of the book Aus Wald und Flur. Fairy tales for sensible people, her drama Christine premiered in 1910 in Düsseldorf . Since the founding of the Catholic Women's Association in 1903, the u. a. was launched on her initiative, she had campaigned for the interests of the young association: "Her voice was heard, what she had to say was heeded."

On April 12, 1917, Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne, whose own life made her a fighter for the interests of women, died in Blankenburg in her house at Walhallastraße 3 (today Mozartstraße 3) as a result of pneumonia . The street at the location of the former "Educational Institute for Higher Class Daughters" in Blankenburg is now named after Gnauck-Kühne.

Works (selection)

  • The university study of women. A contribution to the question of women. Oldenburg 1891.
  • Causes and goals of the women's movement. Berlin 1893.
  • The social situation of women. Lecture given at the 6th Evangelical Social Congress in Erfurt on June 6th, 1895. Berlin 1895.
  • The situation of women workers in the Berlin paper goods industry. A social study. Leipzig 1896. ( digitized version )
  • The German woman at the turn of the century. Statistical study on the question of women, with six colored diagrams. Berlin 1904.
  • Introduction to the worker question. Mönchengladbach 1905.
  • Why do we organize the workers. Hamm 1905.
  • The organization of the patronage. Lecture given at the 2nd general meeting of the Association of South German Patronages for Young Catholic Women Workers in Munich on June 16, 1907. Munich 1907.
  • The social community life in the German Reich. Economics and Citizenship Guide for secondary schools, courses and self-teaching. Mönchengladbach 1914.

literature

  • G. Baadte: Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne (1850–1917). In: J. Aretz, R. Morsey, A. Rauscher (eds.): Contemporary history in life pictures. Volume 3: From German Catholicism in the 19th and 20th centuries. Mainz 1979, pp. 106-122.
  • Bavarian State Association of the Catholic German Women's Association (Hrsg.): Nine decades of strong women in Bavaria and the Palatinate. Chronicle of the Bavarian State Association of the Catholic German Women's Association 1911–2001. Munich 2001.
  • Manfred Berger :  Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 20, Bautz, Nordhausen 2002, ISBN 3-88309-091-3 , Sp. 639-646.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Manfred Berger: Who was ... Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne ?, in: Sozialmagazin 2002 / H. 7-8, pp. 6-9
  • I. Böhm: Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne 1850–1917. In: K. Hengst, HJ Brandt, I. Böhm (Hrsg.): Lived Church - Lived Caritas. Paderborn 1995, pp. 147-185.
  • Irmingard Böhm: Gnauck-Kühne, Elisabeth , in: Hugo Maier (Ed.): Who is who of social work . Freiburg: Lambertus, 1998 ISBN 3-7841-1036-3 , pp. 205f.
  • Ch. Dietrich: Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne as a sociologist. In: The Christian Woman. 1953, pp. 134-145.
  • CL Dollard: The Surplus Woman. Unmarried Women in Imperial Germany 1871-1918 . New York 2009, pp. 176-198.
  • U. Gause: border crosser between the worlds. Wrongly forgotten: the women's rights activist and social politician Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne. In: time character. Evangelical Commentaries on Religion and Society. 2017 / H. 4, pp. 16-18.
  • Jasmin Grande: Gnauck-Kühne, Caterine Franziska Elisabeth, b. Kühne, Dr. oec. publ., pseudonym "E. Blankenburg ”. In: Eva Labouvie (Ed.): Women in Saxony-Anhalt, Vol. 2: A biographical-bibliographical lexicon from the 19th century to 1945. Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2019, ISBN 978-3-412-51145-6 , p. 177-182.
  • K. Hoeber: Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne. Mönchengladbach 1917.
  • Marion Keller: Pioneers of empirical social research in the Wilhelminian Empire , Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2018, ISBN 9783515119856 , pp. 44–125.
  • L. Marshal: Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne's legacy. In: Austrian women's world. 1917, pp. 171-178.
  • P. v. Montgelas: Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne. In: The Christian Woman. 1928, pp. 342-344.
  • P. v. Montgelas: Again Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne. In: The Christian Woman. 1930, pp. 181-188 and 219-226
  • Elisabeth Prégardier : mediator between the classes. Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne (1850–1917). In: Caritas calendar. Diocese of Augsburg 1977, p. 15.
  • Alice Salomon : Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne, a picture of life written by Helene Simon. In: New German women's magazine. 1928, pp. 1-2.
  • L. Schiffler: The answer of women in the changing world. Münster 1966, pp. 70-76.
  • M. Schmidbauer: Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne. In: M. Eggemann, S. Hering (Hrsg.): Trailblazers of modern social work. Texts and biographies on the development of social welfare. Weinheim 1999.
  • Anna-Maria Schmidt: Catholic and emancipated. Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne and Pauline Herber as leading figures in the education of women and girls around 1900 , St. Ingbert: Röhrig Universitätsverlag 2018 (Sofie. Series of publications on women's research 22), ISBN 9783861106739 .
  • E. Schmücker: Images of women in our time. Paderborn 1928, pp. 22-29.
  • Helene Simon : Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne. 2 volumes. Mönchengladbach, 1928/1929
  • Carl Sonnenschein , Hedwig Dransfeld : Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne. In: The Christian Woman. 1910, pp. 117-128.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Helene Lange: Memoirs. Herbig, Berlin 1925, chap. 32. (online at: projekt-gutenberg.org )
  2. ↑ Alfred Sobel: The forgotten woman who fought for the Faruen . In: Christ in der Gegenwart , vol. 69 (2017), p. 167.
  3. ↑ Baadte 1979, p. 109.
  4. ↑ cit. n. Simon 1928/29, p. 240.
  5. ↑ cit. n. Bavarian State Association of the Catholic Women's Association 2001, p. 17.
personal data
SURNAME Gnauck-Kühne, Elisabeth
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gnauck-Kühne, Caroline Franziska Elisabeth; Kühne, Caroline Franziska Elisabeth (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German women's rights activist
DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Vechelde
DATE OF DEATH April 12, 1917
Place of death Blankenburg