Green-backed nectar bird
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| Green-backed nectar bird | ||||||||||||
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Male green-backed nectar bird |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cinnyris jugularis | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1766) |
The Green-backed Sunbird ( Cinnyris jugular ) is a 12 centimeter great representative of the family of sunbirds .
Appearance
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The males of this species are olive green on the head and back. The belly is yellow, the throat is metallic, bluish-green shimmering. The long beak and legs are black. The tail is black above and white below. The female has brown back plumage and a yellow belly. The head is also brown.
Distribution and way of life
This species of bird is found in the People's Republic of China ( Hunan Province ), Indonesia , New Guinea , the Bismarck Islands, as well as in the Solomon Islands and in the northeast of the Australian state of Queensland . It inhabits the native forests and bush vegetation, but also occurs in mangrove swamps and the gardens of human settlements. He roams around in smaller groups of several conspecifics. He is a stalker who looks out for insects on a branch seat, which he then catches in rapid flight or he sucks nectar from flowers while shaking . It also picks spiders from their webs.
Reproduction
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During the breeding season, the male defends a territory against other conspecifics. The nest is made by the female in a low tree or shrub. It is built from plant fibers, grasses and pieces of bark that are held together with cobwebs and silk and are padded with feathers. The female lays 1–2 green or gray eggs with brown spots. The young hatch after 13 days. The hatching and brood care is usually done by the female alone.
Subspecies
Twenty-one subspecies are known:
- Cinnyris jugularis andamanicus ( Hume , 1873) - occurs on the Andamans .
- Cinnyris jugularis proselius Oberholser , 1923 - is widespread on the northern Nicobar Islands .
- Cinnyris jugularis klossi ( Richmond , 1902) - occurs on the central and southern Nicobar Islands.
- Cinnyris jugularis rhizophorae ( Swinhoe , 1869) - is widespread in southern and southeastern China , on Hainan and northern Vietnam .
- Cinnyris jugularis flammaxillaris ( Blyth , 1845) - found in Myanmar , Thailand , central and southern Indochina, and the north of the Malay Peninsula .
- Cinnyris jugularis ornatus R. P. Lesson , 1827 - occurs in the central and southern part of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra , Borneo , Java , Bali and most of the Lesser Sunda Islands .
- Cinnyris jugularis polyclystus Oberholser , 1912 - occurs on Enggano .
- Cinnyris jugularis aurora ( Tweeddale , 1878) - is common in the western Philippines .
- Cinnyris jugularis obscurior Ogilvie-Grant , 1894 - occurs in northern Luzon .
- Cinnyris jugularis jugularis ( Linnaeus , 1766) - nominate form , is common in the Philippines with the exception of northern Luzon and the western and southwestern islands.
- Cinnyris jugularis woodi ( Mearns , 1909) - is common in the Sulu Archipelago .
- Cinnyris jugularis plateni ( W. Blasius , 1885) - occurs on Sulawesi and many of the neighboring islands.
- Cinnyris jugularis infrenatus Hartert , 1903 - occurs on Tukang Besi and other islands southeast of Sulawesi.
- Cinnyris jugularis robustirostris ( Mees , 1964) - occurs on the Banggai and Sula Islands .
- Cinnyris jugularis teysmanni Büttikofer , 1893 - is widespread on the islands of the Floresee .
- Cinnyris jugularis frenatus ( S. Müller , 1843) - occurs on the northern Moluccas , on New Guinea except in the north and on the Aru Islands and the northeast of Australia .
- Cinnyris jugularis buruensis Hartert , 1910 - is widespread on Buru .
- Cinnyris jugularis clementiae R. P. Lesson, RP , 1827 - occurs in the southern Moluccas with the exception of Buru.
- Cinnyris jugularis keiensis Stresemann , 1913 - is widespread on the Kei Islands .
- Cinnyris jugularis idenburgi Rand , 1940 - occurs in northern New Guinea.
- Cinnyris jugularis flavigastra ( Gould , 1843) - is common in the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands .
Hazards and protective measures
Because of its widespread distribution and because this species is not known to be endangered, the IUCN classifies this species as Least Concern .
literature
- Philip Whitfield (ed.): The great world empire of the animals. Planet Media AG, Zug 1992, ISBN 3-8247-8614-1 , pp. 362-363.
- Christopher Perrins (ed.): The great encyclopedia of birds. Orbis Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-572-00810-7 , pp. 307, 308.
- Jiří Felix (eds.), Alena Čepická, Jaromír Knotek, Libuše Knotková: Wildlife of Australia and the Antarctic. Translated from the Czech by Ingeborg Šestáková. Arita, Prague 1986, pp. 232-233.
Web links
- Cinnyris jugularis inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.3. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2018.