Graz Basin

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Coordinates: 46 ° 58 '  N , 15 ° 26'  E

Relief map: Austria
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Graz Basin
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Austria

The Graz Basin is located on the eastern edge of the Alps on the middle course of the Mur . It is named after the second largest city in Austria Graz , the capital of the Austrian state of Styria .

Location and landscape

In the northern part of the Graz Basin lies Graz, in its center the Grazer Schloßberg

The Graz Basin consists of the river plain around the Mur (Grazer Feld) and its framing in the west by Plabutsch  (754 m), Grazer Buchkogel  (656 m) and Kaiserwald , in the north by Hohe Rannach  (1018 m) and Platte  (651 m) . In the east, the train goes over Laßnitzhöhe and Kögelberg into the eastern Styrian hill country . In the south, the Wildoner Buchkogel is considered to be the border of the Graz Basin, immediately adjacent to the Leibnitzer Feld .

The Graz Basin is climatically favored by the opening to the south or south-east and the mountains on the north and west edge . However, so-called inversion weather conditions often occur in the autumn and winter months , in which a thick layer of high fog often does not allow sunshine for days .

The Graz Basin was settled as early as the Stone Age, it is a crossroads of old hiking and traffic routes, in Roman times for example the Roman road Poetovio - Poedicum ( Ptuj - Bruck an der Mur ), up to modern times the Alte Poststraße Vienna – Trieste , from the the Strata Hungarica (Hungarian Street) went off here. The Styrian capital Graz with Graz Airport in Thalerhof and numerous surrounding communities with important agricultural, commercial and industrial areas are located on the approximately 28 km long plain . As a traffic artery, the Grazer Feld crosses today the A 2 southern motorway from east to west and the southern railway from north to south. The Pyhrnautobahn A 9 bypasses the city of Graz to the west in the Plabutsch tunnel also in a north-south direction and crosses the southern Graz basin towards Spielfeld . From Graz, the Styrian Ostbahn branches off to the east to Gleisdorf , Feldbach and on to Hungary , while the tracks of the Graz-Köflacher Bahn to Köflach and Wies-Eibiswald lead to the west and south-west .

Graz field

Graz and Grazer Feld ("Murboden") in the recording sheet 1879

The Grazer Feld is the valley level in the Graz Basin. It is mainly located west of the Mur between the Murenge von Gösting in the north and the Wildoner Schlossberg in the south. It is fertile farmland that is largely built up in the north by the city of Graz and its suburbs.

Grätzer Feld and Fernitzer Feld west and east of the Mur, south of Graz, at the end of the 18th century

The Graz field is characterized by its terraced landscape , each with characteristic soil types and significant groundwater resources, which are also of great importance for regional water management. There are several water protection zones in it. To the south of the Grazer Feld lies the Leibnitzer Feld , which extends to the Austrian-Slovenian border.

The Graz Basin is often covered in fog in winter (view from Schöckl )

An old name for the Grazer Feld is Murboden . There are differences of opinion as to whether the land areas east of the Mur also belong to the Grazer Feld. Not all maps on which the name "Grazer Feld" is mentioned provide clear information about this: The name's lettering can also be (only) inscribed west of the Mur because there was not enough space east of the river or the edge of the card excludes this possibility. In a map of the Grazer Kreis from the end of the 18th century, the Grazer Feld is shown (only) on the right (western) bank of the Mur, while the Fernitzer Feld is shown on the left (eastern) bank of the Mur . In a scientific document of the 21st century, the Graz field is treated as a plain that lies on both sides of the Mur.

Graz Bay

The Graz field on a historical map around 1780
The Graz Basin and its surroundings in Central Styria in the general map of Central Europe , sheet 33 ° 47 ° Graz 1893.

The name Grazer Bucht (or: Bucht von Graz ) stands in geological publications for the Graz Basin as part of the Styrian Basin (also called Styrian Neogene / Tertiary Basin ). The Bay of Graz is located on the northwestern edge of this basin between two branches of the Central Styrian Sill. She lay on the shore of a sea, the Paratethys . In the course of the unfolding of the Alps, this sea receded ever further to the east ( regression ). Its area was filled with marine sediments and river gravel . In addition to the Grazer Feld, its surface is also formed by the West Styrian hill country, the Kainachboden and other surface forms of Central Styria. The Styrian Basin encompasses the south of western and eastern Styria, in its west lie the Voitsberger or Köflach-Voitsberger Bay and the sub-basins of Groß St. Florian , Lieboch and Eibiswald .

In the south of the Bay of Graz there are volcanoes that were last active around 10 million years ago - in the Miocene  . The volcanic vent near Weitendorf is mined in the Weitendorf basalt quarry , the other indications of volcanic activity are located below the surface, for example at Wundschuh at a depth of approx. 35 m ( andesite from the Kalsdorf volcano ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Tiefengraber: Prehistoric and early historical finds from Kalsdorf near Graz. Settlement topographical studies in the central Graz basin. Dissertation at the University of Vienna, Faculty of History and Culture, Institute for Prehistory and Early History. Vienna 2005. University publication, no ISBN. Page 7.
  2. Arthur Kröll, Albert Daurer (editor): Explanations of the maps on the pretertiary subsoil of the Styrian basin and the southern Burgenland threshold. Page 17. ISBN 3-900312-65-6 . Geological map and explanations together with relief map, aeromagnetic map and gravity map in a plastic cover.
  3. ^ Hans Georg Krenmayr, Albert Daurer (editor): Rocky Austria. A colorful geological history of Austria. Federal Geological Institute, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85316-006-9 , page 46.
  4. ^ Karl Stingl: The Lignite-Bearing Sediments of the Middle Miocene Köflach-Voitsberg Embayment (Styrian Basin, Austria) (The lignite-bearing sediments of the Middle Miocene Köflach-Voitsberger Bucht, Styrian Basin, Austria). Archive for deposit research of the Federal Geological Institute. Volume 24, Vienna 2003, pages 219-229, ISSN  0253-097X .
  5. Kröll, Daurer: Explanations, relief map with basin and threshold designation . Pages 4-5.
  6. Peter Slapansky, Reinhard Belocky, Heinz Fröschl, Peter Hradecky, Peter Spindler: petrography, geochemistry and geotectonic classification of Miocene volcanism in the Styrian Basin (Austria). In: Treatises of the Federal Geological Institute. Volume 56 Issue 1. Vienna 1999. Geology without borders. Festschrift 150 years of the Federal Geological Institute. Page 421. ISBN 3-85316-004-2 . ISSN  0378-0864 .
  7. H (Aymo) Heritsch, H (elmut) Holler, K (URT) Kollmann: Steirisches tertiary and volcanic area . In: Excursion III / 7, Grazer Bergland, Eastern Styrian Tertiary and Volcanic Area . Announcements of the Geological Society in Vienna. 57th Volume 1964, Issue 1, page 367.