Plabutsch

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Plabutsch
(Plabutsch-Buchkogelzug)
Plabutsch seen from the Graz Schloßberg

Plabutsch from Schlossberg seen from

Highest peak Princely estate ( 754  m above sea level )
location Styria , Austria
part of Grazer Bergland , Lavanttal Alps
Coordinates 47 ° 5 '15 "  N , 15 ° 23' 4"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 5 '15 "  N , 15 ° 23' 4"  E
rock Limestone , dolomite
Age of the rock 350–400 million years
particularities Graz's local mountain ; Plabutschtunnel  (A 9)
p1

The Plabutsch , also Plabutschzug , in the broader sense Plabutsch-Buchkogel-Zug is a mountain range in Styria and the local mountain of the city of Graz . Its main peak is 754  m above sea level. A. high prince , whose direct stick is often referred to as the actual Plabutsch.

geography

View from Schöckl to the southwest of Graz: on the right the Plabutschzug in the haze, behind the Koralpe
View on the Schloßberg to the northwest: Graz with the Plabutsch and subsequent Göstinger ruins mountain , the Mur breakthrough from the Gratkorner basin to the Kanzel- and Admonter Kogel , in the back Grazer Bergland and the Gleinalpe
View on the Schloßberg to the southwest: the other peaks of the Plabutsch (Buchkogel) train

Location and landscape

The Plabutsch extends for almost 10 km from north to south and borders the provincial capital Graz in the west. The Plabutschstock rises 400 meters above the city of Graz (officially 363  m above sea level ), and then gradually drops to the south. It forms the southernmost branch of the (western) Graz mountains . To the north is the west-east-trending train of the Generalkogel (up to  742  m ), from which the Plabutsch is separated by the breakthrough of the Thaler Bach . To the west are Frauenkogel  ( 561  m ) and Madersberg  ( 540  m ) upstream at Thal . Together these mountains form the mountainous region west of Graz . To the east, the Plabutschzug descends into the Grazer Feld (Grazer Becken), to the west its foothills stretch out into the Styrian Riedelland , and to the south the Plabutschzug runs out to the Kaiserwald terrace .

Participating boroughs of Graz are (from north to south) Gösting , Eggenberg , Wetzelsdorf and Straßgang . At the west foot lies Thal , at the southern foothills Seiersberg and Mantscha (municipality Hitzendorf).

The ridge, the most prominent points of which are the Plabutsch and the Buchkogel , is limited in the north by the Thaler Bach, in the east by the city of Graz or, in a wider sense, the Mur , in the south by the local area of Pirka and in the west by the upper Förstlbach , lower Katzelbach and Thaler Bach.

Mountains and elevations

Important terrain points (from north to south)

geology

Geologically, the Plabutsch belongs to the Graz Paleozoic . It is mainly made up of limestone that was deposited in the Devonian 400 to 350 million years ago and is therefore much older than the Limestone Alps . Here on the Plabutsch it is mainly dolomite and dolomite sandstones ( Rannach facies ) . The more characteristic formations include the dark, fossil-rich bank limestone of the Barrandei strata , which form the prince's class and the Plabutsch western flank, on the latter there are also Steinberg limestone , the main mass being the lower (older) sandstone series. These all tend more or less to karstification . The structure of the Plabutschzug is characterized by several fractures running west-east , which determine the individual peaks and valleys.

Raised in the unfolding processes of the Alps, the Styrian Basin and the Graz Bay formed here as the edge of the Paratethys Sea. As early as the Oligocene , before about 50 million years ago, the landscape is the character of a hull Mountains have had (Altfläche), and the General Kogel-Plabutsch-train a coastal area of the Cape have formed (the Wildon Mountain south, while a small karstified Plateau Bergland is young Leitha limestone, a reef limestone of the Paratethys). The karstification of the Plabutschstock in the Miocene , from about 20 million years ago, probably reached below today's valley level, thermal waters that rose from depths of up to 1000 meters (such as today's Herrgottwiesquelle or Tobelbad ) suggest an even deeper karst system. In the times from the Carpathian to Badenian , around 15 million years ago, the Graz Bay silted up again, at Puntigam the sediments reached a thickness of 300 meters. The main drainage will have been towards the west with the following main direction of flow south, so the Thaler See is still fed by groundwater today. From the Sarmatian , about 12 million years ago, the surrounding deposits change from marine to limnic (from freshwater lakes) to fluvial (river gravel). From then on, strong uplifts begin here in the area (Styrian folding phase), which have not yet been completed, and shape the character of the rivers of the entire Styrian Rim Mountains and Riedelland . The Eggenberger Breccia near Algersdorf and Eggenberg is a rock rubble from the Upper Miocene (Sarmatian / Pannonian ), around 10 million years old. The sedimentation in the area ends at the end of the Miocene, here referred to as the Pontian period , about 5 million years ago, from this time the old karst relief was partly exposed again and reshaped. The course of Katzlbachs and Thaler Bach to the north and to the Mur with the breakthrough of Göstinggrabens likely a successive zurückwandernde north tapping have been this time that the Plabutschzug then released, it found new and older cave tubing by flowing water phreatic reshaped. Several terrace levels and several other glacial formations have been preserved from the great ice ages . The Kaiserwald south, for example, is an old Pleistocene gravel plate (around 2 million years ago). The karstification continues to this day, with karst formations such as sinkholes , caves ( Einsiedeleigrotte near Algersdorf) and springs (for example in the Eisbründlhöhle and the Puntigamer springs).

nature

With a few exceptions, the Plabutsch is almost completely forested at high altitudes. Its foothills are increasingly used intensively for agriculture to the south. There are only a few bodies of water: Katzelbach-Thaler-Bach and the Bründlteiche at the foot of the Buchkogel are a more striking exception. Einödbach , Bründlbach and Katzelbach (to Bad Straßgang) seep into the valley floor or were piped in the urban area of ​​Graz.

The ridge has been under landscape protection since 1956 , it is part of the western mountain and hill country of Graz . The green belt function for the city of Graz is limited by the urban sprawl on its eastern slope.

The mixed deciduous forest is home to many rare animal and plant species. A population of chamois (military restricted area Feliferhof ) or as representatives of the protected plants Schwarz-Germer , Lilien-Becherglocke , Färber-Meier are worth mentioning .

Other protected areas are the protected landscape elements Bruendl ponds and Greitjoslkapelle in Gedersberg .

history

There is an interpretation of the name from a Celtic root bla- for a mining site, in relation to vague references to pre-Roman copper and iron mining. Another instruction is from a Slavic personal name Blagota , probably related to the location of Plabutschdörfl . In any case, the mountain was called Grafenberg until the 19th century , then generally Bauernkogel , and only later did B- / Plawutsch [- mountains ] spread.

A number of quarries were operated on the Plabutsch. Iron ore has been mined on the Buchkogelalm since the Middle Ages . In the 18th and 19th centuries, building lime and building blocks , which can be found on many historical buildings in Graz, were extracted from over 30 different locations . The most important of these were Gaisberg marble or the large-scale dismantling at the Blaue Bottle tavern in Gösting on Hubertushöhe. The last mining in Plabutschdörfl was stopped in the 1970s. On Buchkogel and in the 1940s on Koller Berg also were ferruginous earth colors won. There is no more mining today.

Development and buildings

The Plabutsch serves as a local recreation area with activity and rest areas, picnic areas and opportunities for hiking, running and cycling. Two viewing points , the Fürstenstand ( Fürstenwarte at the summit) and the Kronprinz-Rudolf-Warte on the Buchkogel, offer a beautiful view of the whole of Graz, as well as a panoramic terrace at the church of St. Johann and Paul, completed in 2010 . On the Hubertushöhe is the core control room , which was renovated after a closure and reopened around 2017 with the raised railing of the spiral staircase.

At the highest point of the Plabutsch there is a Heurigen restaurant, at the little St. Johann and Paul church as well as south of the Buchkogel and on the Hubertushöhe an inn. An inn in the Florianiberg area also offers refreshment stops.

In winter, the Thaler See (municipality of Thal) offers ice-skating opportunities and the Bründlwiese a children's ski lift for free use.

The highest point of the Plabutsch (Fürstenstandwarte and Heuriger) can be reached via a road from Graz-Wetzelsdorf (about 5 km) over the Gaisbergsattel. In the middle the ridge is crossed by the heavily traveled Steinberg-Landesstraße  (L301), the most important traffic route to Hitzendorf in western Styria . Various hiking trails lead up the mountain from all sides. An increasingly intensive use for mountain bike routes has not yet been implemented in a concept.

Two churches stand directly on the ridge: St. Johann and Paul (16th century) and St. Florian on the Florianiberg. The Straßganger Friedhof and the parish church are located on the northeast slope of the Florianiberg . Likewise, on the eastern slope of the Buchkogel there is St. Martin Castle with the castle church . At the foot of the Plabutsch ridge on the Graz side you will find Eggenberg Castle , which was added to the Graz UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010 , three hospitals (UKH, LKH West, Barmherzige Brüder Eggenberg), and the agricultural college Grottenhof .

The Plabutsch is crossed lengthways by the Plabutsch tunnel , the second longest motorway tunnel in Austria, which as part of the Pyhrn motorway  (A 9) forms an important bypass of the Graz urban area. Originally, the construction of the A9 through the urban area east of the mountain was planned, but a referendum decided against it, and residents who had already been dispossessed and resettled could return. The crumbling relic of the route "Weblinger Stump" was used as a transfer parking lot and demolished in 2017.

On the Gaisberg (west side) and below the Buchkogel (east side) there is a ventilation shaft of the tunnel on the mountain. The two-tube tunnel today has two emergency exits to the east: At the Bründlteiche to Krottendorferstrasse in the south and at Bergstrasse to Baiernstrasse in the north.

Former chairlift (1954), planning project for gondola lift (2013)

1954 to 1971 or 1973 the summit could be reached by the Plabutsch chairlift from the public transport stop in Gösting elementary school. On November 7, 2018, the city leaders of ÖVP and FPÖ presented the plan to plan a gondola lift with curves from a valley station at Peter-Tunnergasse (Eggenberg district) via the eastern slope to an intermediate station near the summit and westwards back down to the Thalersee - in a press conference and on the website of the city of Graz. Instead, the opposition is calling for investments in trams in the city. On March 14, 2019, the local councils of the ÖVP and FPÖ decided to hold a referendum in summer 2019. Urgent motions by the opposition to conduct the survey before the detailed planning and to improve the bus connection from Thal were rejected. The KPÖ collected 7,500 signatures for a referendum. Against the background of expected revenue shortfalls in the municipality due to the 2020 corona pandemic , the gondola planning project was stopped on May 13, 2020.

photos

literature

  • Annemarie Reiter: The Plabutsch. The highest mountain in Graz. Publishing house for collectors, Graz 1994.

Web links

Commons : Plabutsch  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Alois Kuntschnig: Geological map of the Plabutsch-Kollerkogel mountain range. In: Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein für Steiermark 74 (1937), p. 114–132, PDF on ZOBODAT map in PDF p. 20.
  2. ↑ a b Geology Buchkogel - Plabutsch ( Memento of the original from May 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.graz.at archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on Graz.at, accessed on January 18, 2011.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Helmut W. Flügel: On the neogene-Quaternary morphogenesis and karstification of the Plabutsch train west of Graz (Styria). In: Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein der Steiermark , Volume 113 (1983), pp. 15-23, PDF on ZOBODAT
  4. ^ Josef Zötl, Johann Goldbrunner, u. a .: The mineral and medicinal waters of Austria: Geological foundations and trace elements. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 9783709166529 , Tobelbad and Puntigam , p. 205 ff ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  5. ↑ a b c Landscape protection area no.29. Characterization Land Steiermark, undated (pdf, verwaltung.steiermark.at, accessed September 16, 2016).
  6. ↑ a b Landscape protection area No. 29. State of Styria, section Topography and Landscape Characteristics , p. 1 f (pdf, see above).
  7. ↑ Landscape protection area No. 29. State of Styria, section waters , p. 2 (pdf, op.cit. See above).
  8. ↑ Plabutsch - Buchkogel ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.graz.at archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on Graz.at, accessed on January 18, 2011.
  9. ^ State of Styria: Protected Plants. ( Memento of the original from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.umwelt.steiermark.at archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Graz, 2007, 95 pp. 32, 67, resp. 111 (pdf, on Umwelt.steiermark.at).
  10. ↑ Landscape protection area No. 29. State of Styria, section Natural features , p. 3 f (pdf, see above).
  11. ↑ a b c Bernhard Hubmann, Bernd Moser: Graz city and cultural geology - an excursion guide. 8th conference of the working group "History of Earth Sciences in Austria" (April 24-26, 2009 in Graz), III. Excursion, In: Reports of the Federal Geological Institute , Volume 45, Vienna 2009, Stop 1: The Plabutsch: Graz local mountain and the place of origin of many of Graz's stone blocks. P. 55 ff, whole article p. 52–72, PDF on ZOBODAT there p. 3 ff.
  12. ↑ Barrandaikalk (barrandei layers, coral, Petameruskalk). Database decorative stones of Styria (pdf, gis.stmk.gv.at) - with map of quarries in the course of Plabutsch-Florianiberg , Fig. 26, p. 5.
  13. ^ Lit. Reiter: Der Plabutsch. 1994, p. OA
  14. ↑ Alfred Weiss: Old iron mines in the districts of Voitsberg, Graz-Umgebung and Leibnitz In: Archive for deposit research in the Eastern Alps, Volume 14 (1973), p. 61 f ( pdf , geologie.ac.at, there p. 21 f .)
  15. ↑ Renate Kniely: lookout to Graz . In: Historical yearbook of the city of Graz. Volume 38/39. Graz 2009. pp. 413-457.
  16. ↑ a b c Landscape protection area no. 29. State of Styria, section Existing functions and facilities , p. 5 f (pdf, see above).
  17. ↑ Plans for the Plabutsch gondola presented: Operation to begin in 2022 City of Graz, graz.at, November 7, 2018, updated November 12, 2018, accessed April 30, 2019. - With video with renderings: Plabutsch gondola Graz: The plans of Graz, November 7th 2018.
  18. ↑ Graz should get the gondola over the Plabutsch to Thalersee derstandard.at, November 7, 2018, accessed April 30, 2019.
  19. ^ From Municipal Council III: Urgent Applications graz.at, March 14, 2019, accessed April 30, 2019.
  20. ^ ORF Styria: Final end for Graz Plabutsch gondola. May 13, 2020, accessed May 13, 2020 .