Kanzelkogel
| Kanzelkogel | ||
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 Kanzelkogel from the southwest ( Raach ) |
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| height | 608 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Styria , Austria | |
| Mountains | Grazer Bergland , foothills east of the Mur | |
| Dominance | 1.4 km → Raacher Kogel | |
| Notch height | 104 m ↓ Rannachstrasse | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 6 '58 " N , 15 ° 22' 54" E | |
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| rock | Pulpit limestone , dolomite | |
| Age of the rock | Central and Lower Devonian | |
| particularities | Limestone mining, archaeological site (largest complex of copper artifacts in the southeastern Alpine region) | |
The Kanzelkogel (short pulpit ) is originally 615 m above sea level. A. high hill in the Grazer Bergland in the Austrian state of Styria . The mountain near the provincial capital Graz , which has been characterized by limestone mining for decades, is of supraregional importance for archeology as the site of extensive Copper Age settlement remains .
Location and surroundings
The Kanzelkogel rises on the southern edge of the market town of Gratkorn on the left above the Middle Murtal . It towers over the breakthrough valley near Raach by around 250 m and is only around 300 m from the Graz city limits. To the north the hill is bounded by the Pailgraben, to the east a ridge runs over the Kanzelsattel to the Admonter Kogel ( 566 m ) near St. Veit and to the north further to the Rannach . The Kanzelkogel is part of the landscape protection area of the northern and eastern hill country of Graz (LSG-30) established in 1981 . The Natura 2000 area "Downy oak forests in the Grazer Bergland" is located on the southwest slope of the mountain . The street "An der Kanzel", located on the lower terrace at the southern foot, belongs to the Andritz district of Graz .
Geology and geomorphology
The pulpit gives its name to its own type of rock that appears in various places in the Graz Paleozoic . The light gray to slightly yellowish, partly reddish flamed pulpit limestone forms the hanging wall of the Barrandei layers and reaches thicknesses of over 100 m. Microfacially , the rock consists of spotted bio- micrites , predominantly echinoderm remains . It is locally brecciated and contains chert bulbs . The extremely low fossil record is limited in many places to individual occurrences of biothermal corals .
According to Helmut Flügel , the pulpit limestones, which are usually massive to thick-banked , are possibly lagoon formations with individual reef buds . The pulpit itself belongs to the Rannach facies and is built from Lower Devonian dolomite sandstones in addition to the Central Devonian pulpit limestone . The rugged, rocky western flank of the mountain, which was steepened by the epigenetic breakthrough of the Mur, is particularly striking . Despite the geological conditions, the pulpit shows only weak karstification phenomena .
archeology
The Kanzelkogel acquired particular importance as an archaeological site. In 1993, flint artifacts and copper-age ceramic remains were recovered for the first time in the area of the summit . Finds of hut clay indicated the existence of a prehistoric hilltop settlement , which is why the area was placed under monument protection.
After clarifying the archaeological situation in 2006 and 2007, a large-scale excavation took place on the pulpit from July to October 2010 , during which an area of around 1800 m² was examined. Abundantly stocked layers of waste could be brought to light. The spectrum of finds includes arrowheads , stone beads, stone and bone artifacts, numerous animal bones and, in some cases, elaborately decorated ceramic fragments with isolated incrustation remains . The oldest ceramic finds were dated to the younger Lasinja culture (approx. 4000 BC), most of them could be assigned to the moon lake culture due to their characteristic vessel shapes and furrow pattern . The copper metallurgy with casting spoons, knives, awls and hook spirals could be traced back to the Black Sea coast . Arsenic , silver and antimony levels indicate the use and smelting of pale ores . The raw material for the stone tools, including arrowheads made of high-quality slab silex, comes partly from the Reiner Basin , pieces of red radiolite are evidence of economic contacts with Lake Balaton .
In this way, not only the most extensive and high-quality Copper Age finds in Styria, but also the largest complex of copper artifacts in the entire Southeastern Alps could be secured. The hilltop settlement is comparable in time to that on the Lethkogel near Stainz . Despite efforts by the Federal Monuments Office to preserve the remains of the settlement, the summit area, which had become unstable due to the limestone quarry, had to be removed in 2011 to protect the B 67 below.
Lime mining
Since the late 19th century at the pulpit Kogel rock for is breakage , tool and decorative stone removed. This is evidenced by numerous entrance steps, plinths, paving stones and grave slabs in the Graz area. According to the wing, Kanzelkalk, Steinbergkalk and Gnathoduskalk are mined. The fine-grain limestone has a high proportion of magnesite and has an average density of 2.8 t / m³. Kanzelsteinbruch Dennig GmbH has been responsible for mining since 1936 and extracts material for upper and lower base layers in road and path construction . In addition to additives for hot mix Good procreation, sands and fine flints for concrete production and rock for embankments, stone walls and slope fuses produced.
Lime mining has been causing conflict in recent times. After the summit was removed, the only marked hiking trail on the popular panoramic mountain was temporarily closed in July 2018. The Austrian Alpine Association (ÖAV) justified this step with blasting work on the site of the quarry, which is within a few meters of the path. Critics saw a violation of the freedom of movement and drew attention to it with self-painted signs.
When the mountain was eroded, the Schneiderloch, a cave 12 m long, 3 to 4 m wide and 4 to 5 m high , also disappeared .
In the course of the “shrinking” of the mountain, residents of the Graz district of St. Veit are increasingly complaining of unpleasant smells. The air, which now flows almost unhindered over the Kanzelkogel to St. Veit, transports the smell of asphalt and burnt rubber from the asphalt mixing plant to the popular residential area. Although it was possible to confirm the changed flow conditions - possibly as a result of major clearing - technical inspections of the plant and emission measurements did not reveal any impairment of the air quality.
Web links
- Archaeological excavation 2010 (Hengist culture park)
- Archaeological excavation 2010 (BDA)
- Kanzelsteinbruch Dennig GmbH
Individual evidence
- ↑ Landscape protection area No. 30. (PDF) State of Styria , accessed on July 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Natura 2000 - Downy Oak Forests in the Grazer Bergland. State of Styria , accessed on July 22, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Helmut wing : The geology of the Grazer Bergland. In: Communications from the Department of Geology, Paleontology and Mining at the Landesmuseum Joanneum , Graz 1975, pp. 48–49 u. 80. Online PDF , accessed May 28, 2019.
- ↑ Digital Atlas of Styria: Geology & Geotechnics. State of Styria , accessed on July 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Michael Brandl: Two flint arrowheads from the Kanzelkogel near Graz. In: Blätter für Heimatkunde , Volume 81, Historischer Verein für Steiermark , Graz 2007, pp. 37–43.
- ^ Wolfgang Artner, Michael Brandl, Günter Christandl, Christoph Gutjahr, Jörg Obereder, Walter Postl & Martina Trausner: The Copper Age hilltop settlement on the "pulpit" near Graz, Styria. In: Find reports from Austria , Volume 50, Bundesdenkmalamt , Vienna 2011, pp. 43–66. Online PDF , accessed July 22, 2018.
- ↑ a b Wolfgang Artner & Christoph Gutjahr: The “Kanzelkogel” near Gratkorn. In: Hengist Magazin , Volume 2 (2011), pp. 8-11. Online PDF , accessed July 22, 2018.
- ↑ wing, p. 200.
- ^ Pulpit Steinbruch Dennig GmbH. Mineral Group, accessed July 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Robert Price: Kanzelkogel: Battle for the blocked mountain. Kleine Zeitung , July 18, 2018, accessed on July 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Heinrich Kusch : On the cultural-historical significance of the cave sites along the central Mur Valley (Styria) , Volume 2 of Grazer Antiquity Studies , Lang 1996, ISBN 978-3-631-49479-0 .
- ↑ Andrea Rieger: Stench in Graz-St. Veit - Berg as a barrier is disappearing. In: Kleine Zeitung , issue of July 18, 2018, p. 23.