Bell jar
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Bell bells ( Adenophora liliifolia ) |
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| Adenophora liliifolia | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) A.DC. |
The cup bell ( Adenophora liliifolia ), also Fragrant Schell flower , Lilienblättrige cup bell , Fragrant cup bell , gland bell , Schell flower or pendulum bell called, is a plant of the genus Adenophora within the family of the bell flower plants (Campanulaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The bell jar looks like a tall and multi-flowered bellflower ( campanula ). The herbaceous, perennial plant reaches heights of 30 to 150, exceptionally over 200 centimeters. From a taproot it develops several densely leafed shoots. The lowest stem leaves are obovate or elliptical and narrowed into the short stalk. They are mostly dead at the time of flowering. The remaining serrated, serrated or entire leaves have a lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, rarely almost egg-shaped shape. They are bare and veined, somewhat shiny and lighter on the underside. The lower leaves are short stalked, the upper sessile.
Generative characteristics
Ten to forty, exceptionally up to over a hundred flowers stand together in a terminal, simple or branched, racemose inflorescence . The flowers are short-stalked and nodding. The hermaphrodite, fragrant flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five lanceolate calyx tips protrude. The pale blue crown is 12 to 20 millimeters long, bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, with five broad lobes and a handle-shaped stylus that protrudes far from the bell and is surrounded at the base by a characteristic cup-shaped ring of glands.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.
ecology
The bell jar blooms from July to September. It gives off a pleasant odor, especially in the evening. The pollination is done by bees, wild bees and hoverflies. Because of the nodding position of the flowers, the seeds do not fall out by themselves, but must first be shaken out by the wind, for example (spread of wind litter ).
Occurrence
The bell jar does not continuously inhabit a strip of land in Eurasia that is about 5000 kilometers long. The westernmost sites are in the Southern Alps , the easternmost in the Altai . The main area is in Russia between Ukraine and Western Siberia. In Central and Southeastern Europe the bell jar comes only very scattered in a few places including Poland, on the Danube to Vienna ( Waldviertel , Weinviertel , Vienna Basin ), in the Czech Republic for example near Karlstejn , from the Slovak Ore Mountains to Transylvania , in Serbia and on Italian southern edge of the Alps between Piedmont and Friuli . In Switzerland, two populations were found on Monte San Giorgio above Meride . The bell jar is a forest steppe plant .
In Central Europe , Adenophora liliifolia grows on summer-warm, damp, nutrient-rich and alkaline , sandy loam and clay soils . In Central Europe it inhabits forest and bush fringes, forest clearings , wet meadows and grass dumps . It is often associated with the pipe pipe grass . In Central Europe it is a character species of the Molinion association, but also occurs in alternately dry societies of the Alno-Ulmion association or the order Quercetalia pubescentis.
The occurrences in Germany
In Germany, Adenophora liliifolia occurs only in and on the edge of oak-elm floodplain forests on the lower Isar , namely near Landau on the Isar and at the mouth of the Isar . The latter occurrence was first mentioned in 1854 by Otto Sendtner , the occurrence near Landau was first mentioned in 1950 by the botanist Josef Ludwig Lutz . The specimens of the German population are characterized by high growth in length (up to 226 cm in extreme cases) and many-flowered. In 1982, 152 individual plants were registered in the sub-area at the mouth of the Isar, 47 in 1988 and only 14 in 1989. Not least for this reason, in 1990 the 808 hectare “Isar Estuary” nature reserve was designated. In the same year the federal program for the “establishment and safeguarding of parts of nature and landscape worthy of protection with national representative importance” started.
Danger
In the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in Germany, Adenophora liliifolia was listed in category 1: “Threatened with extinction” in 1996 and is strictly or particularly protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance. It has the same protection status in Austria. In Switzerland it is considered endangered.
Taxonomy
The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Campanula liliifolia by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A.DC. was published in 1830 by Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle . The specific epithet liliifolia means lily-leaved and as an exception does not refer to the shape of the leaves, which is not at all lily-like, but to their distribution on the stem; here there is a similarity with the lilies, for example with the Turk's Union lily ( Lilium martagon ).
literature
- Hansjörg Gaggermeier: The forest steppe plant 'Adenophora liliifolia' (L.) A. DC. in Bavaria. In: Hoppea. Memoranda of the Regensburg Botanical Society. Volume 50, 1990, pp. 287-322.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Adenophora liliifolia (L.) DC., Fragrant Bellflower. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ^ Beaker bell . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- ↑ Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- ↑ a b Dietrich Podlech: Campanulaceae bellflower plants. In: Gerhard Wagenitz (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd, completely revised and expanded edition. Volume VI. Part 2A: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 4 (2/1) (Cucurbitaceae - Campanulaceae) . Carl Hanser or Paul Parey or Weissdorn, Munich or Berlin / Hamburg or Jena 2008, ISBN 978-3-936055-26-9 , pp. 265–268 (published in deliveries 1966–2008, delivery 3 from 2007).
- ↑ a b Bohumil Slavík: Kvĕtena České Republiky. Volume 6, Academia, Prague 2000, ISBN 80-200-0306-1 , p. 56 (map), 748.
- ^ Daniel M. Moser: EN Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A. DC. - Glandular bell - Campanulaceae. In: Christoph Käsermann, Daniel M. Moser (Hrsg.): Information sheets on species protection - flowering plants and ferns. Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern 1999, pp. 36–37 (PDF file).
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 895 .
- ↑ Otto Sendtner : The vegetation conditions of southern Bavaria according to the principles of plant geography and with reference to national culture. Literarisch-Artistische Anstalt, Munich 1854, p. 819 (online) .
- ↑ data sheet at WISIA .
- ↑ Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A. DC. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
