Friedberg mine
| Friedberg mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Mining technology | Civil engineering , open pit mining | ||
| Funding / total | 497,881 tons of iron ore | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | 33 | ||
| Start of operation | 1826 | ||
| End of operation | 1961 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown iron ore | ||
| Greatest depth | 130 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 38 '24 " N , 8 ° 35' 15.5" E | ||
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| local community | Biebertal | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | to water | ||
| country | State of Hesse | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Friedberg mine is located in the central Hessian community of Biebertal at the foot of the Dünsberg . Between 1826 and 1961 , ore was mined first in the mine , then underground . The mine has now been closed.
Emergence
The first written records of mining activities in the Fellingshausen district date back to 1826. At that time, JW Buderus ' sons, based in the Friedrichshütte near Laubach, undertook prospecting attempts in the district. On April 30, 1836, Justus Kilian applied for a coupon relating to an iron stone camp in the Buchholz district. The courage was given to him on October 3, 1836. Kilian presented on 9 December 1839 on the grounds that he had in the geological survey only nests as occurrences of limonite found an application for investiture of the whole district Fellingshausen with Eisensteingräberei. According to Kilian, this is necessary in order to mine an actual camp. On February 17, 1840 Kilian, who in 1837 had built another ironworks with the Justushütte in Weidenhausen an der Salzböde , was given the district of Fellingshausen for iron graveyard work. On April 18, 1842, the mining authorities issued Wilhelm Briel a certificate of courage for the Buchholzgraben upon application, which he, however, let expire after a year. Another coupon was issued in 1847 to Ph. Gath, Joh. Ph. Gath and H. Later from Altenkirchen near Weilburg. This was extended several times in the following years until finally in November 1849 the courtesy certificate was given to C. Haibach from Altenkirchen.
On December 19, 1853, the old coupon had expired, Ph. Gath and associates were given a new coupon. In the spring of 1854, Gath provided evidence that the open-cast mine at Buchholzgraben, which was set up in 1840, was a closed warehouse. Gath applied for enfeoffment on brown iron stone and manganese ore, against which Kilian appealed because he felt that his right to iron stone burial had been violated. Kilian began to mine the ore deposit without waiting for a decision from the mining authorities. He instructed his miners not to "give way to violence," whereupon the miners withdrew from Gath. Under the impression of this approach, the Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of Finance rejected Kilian's objection and granted Gath's application for a loan. Kilian was threatened with the withdrawal of the loan if he continued to mine ore in the mine field that has now been lent. Regardless of this, Kilian continued with the ore mining, whereupon Gath filed a lawsuit against Kilian on March 14, 1855 at the city court of Giessen . In 1857 there were even violent arguments between the miners of both parties.
Kilian died on August 12, 1859. He was fatally injured by his son-in-law in an argument. The Hedwigshütte near Lollar , built by Kilian in 1854 , came to a standstill and was acquired by JW Buderus Söhne for 85,000 guilders on October 15, 1861 . The right to iron digging was included in the purchase price with 8,000 guilders. Buderus understood the term iron stone graveyard as an open-cast mine and began mining ore at Buchholzgraben in 1863 to supply ore to the former Hedwigshütte , which had been renamed Main-Weser-Hütte . Now Gath filed an objection with the Oberbaudirektion in Darmstadt .
In order to settle the dispute, which has now lasted nine years, the building management made intensive attempts to mediate, which led to an agreement on September 2, 1863 through an out-of-court settlement in Friedberg. Gath agreed to hand over the eastern part of his Buchholz mine field to Buderus. In return, Buderus undertook to pay 1000 guilders and waived the right to iron stone graves in the remaining part of the Buchholz mine field and in Corridor VIII, which was given to Gath on March 18, 1864 under the name Nassau. On the same date (March 18, 1864) the eastern part of the former Buchholz mine field was loaned to Buderus under the name Friedberg .
history
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In 1864, the Buderus company started mining ore in the Friedberg mine. In the same year, on September 9, 1864, the mine field was expanded to include corridor X. The ore deposit is not a continuation of the Eleonoremulde adjoining it to the south , but an independent deposit that is closely aligned with a narrow limestone train. In the open pit depicted , only the upper layers were mined up to a thickness of eight meters. However, the quality of the ore obtained left a lot to be desired. The iron manganese ore had an iron content of 33.6% and a manganese content of 7.33%. As a result, the ore could not be smelted profitably, which meant that operations at the Friedberg mine ceased after a few months.
Once in the pit Meilhardt was unlocked, near the mining area boundary, a new ore deposits, let Buderus 1873 several exploration wells abteufen was proved by, the ore deposits of the pit that Friedberg continues. However, the mining of the ore soon brought difficulties through the penetration of groundwater . The attempt to set up a drainage system also failed. The pumps operated with steam power kept failing as a result of constant silting up. For this reason, when the groundwater level was reached in 1878, the pit was closed again. The ore production during this period was 9894 t and was merged at the Main-Weser-Hütte.
In 1883 the Friedberg mine was reopened. The prerequisite for this was created by the water solution tunnel in the Meilhardt mine, which, due to its proximity to the boundary of the mine field, also led to drainage of the Friedberg mine. Despite the improvement in the iron content to almost 50% and a manganese content of 6 to 8%, the number of employees fluctuated greatly in the following 20 years. Due to the still low manganese content, the ore could only be sold with difficulty and at low prices. The construction of the Biebertalbahn gave the Friedberg mine greater operational capability due to the cheaper removal compared to carriage transport, but in 1903 the level of the Meilhardt tunnel was reached, which led to the mine being closed again. In the years between 1873 and 1903, a total of 55,154 t of brown iron stone was mined in the Friedberg mine. Of these, 13,234 tons were extracted with a workforce of 60 in 1897.
The need for ores containing manganese caused by the First World War led to the Friedberg mine being put back into operation on June 1, 1916. After the production through the Meilhardt tunnel and an old shaft was not very promising, a new machine shaft was sunk in 1918. In 1920 the shaft reached the 90-meter level. Investigations on the 70- and 90-meter level showed that extensive ore deposits still had to be extracted in the Friedberg mine. In the same year (1920) a 1060 meter long cable car was built from the mine to the ore loading point of the Biebertalbahn in the Kehlbachtal. Up to January 15, 1924, 13,899 tons of brown iron stone had been mined. But on the day mentioned the mine was shut down for the fourth time due to the generally poor economy and the Ruhr uprising . The last 25 miners who worked in the mine were laid off.
The four-year plan of 1936 for forced armament helped the Friedberg mine to its fourth operating period. On May 3, 1937, work was resumed and in 1941 the highest annual output of 32,784 tons was achieved. The number of miners, which had risen to 88, prompted Buderus to build a spacious colliery house , which was designed by the Darmstadt architect Jan Hubert Pinand in the style of an Ordensburg and built in 1942. At that time, the camp was further dismantled on the 90-meter level and on the 110-meter level driven in 1940 . In 1945 the operation was stopped again, but came back into production in May 1946 when blast furnace I of the Sophienhütte was blown again.
With the referendum adopted on December 1, 1946, a new constitution for the State of Hesse came into force, according to which the Buderus iron ore mines, blast furnaces and electricity companies were separated from the group and transferred to common ownership. The Hessische Berg- und Hüttenwerke AG, founded on June 4, 1952 (in which Buderus still held a 26 percent stake), sunk the machine shaft of the Friedberg mine by another 20 meters to the 130-meter level. When the ore reserves ran out in 1958 on the 110-meter level, the 130-meter level was ready for further mining.
Decommissioning and balance sheet
The final shutdown of the Friedberg mine on January 31, 1961 was primarily caused by the discontinuation of ore procurement by the August Thyssen ironworks in Duisburg in 1960. The Friedberg mine was the last mine at the foot of the Dünsberg. At last 33 miners were employed in it. Another reason for the closure was the high rock pressure in the area of the shaft safety pillar , which went back to the ore mining near the shaft around 1957. In addition to the shaft, the mine house of the pit was also affected and could only be saved from collapse with great effort in the last few years of operation. With the closure of the Friedberg mine, the Biebertalbahn lost one of its three main carriers. A total of 497,881 tons of brown iron stone were brought to the surface by the miners of the Friedberg mine. 85,000 tons of ore remained underground.
Mining of the Lahn-Dill area
A little further to the south-west were the Elisabeth and Eleonore pits in the immediate vicinity .
literature
- Dünsberg Association Biebertal e. V. (Ed.): The Dünsberg and the Biebertal. 3. Edition. Brühlsche Universitätsdruckerei Gießen 1989, ISBN 3-9800654-1-3 .
- Karl Reeh: The Dünsberg and its surroundings. Research on the Dünsberg 1. Montagnac 2001.
Web links
- Mining in the Biebertal at the foot of the Dünsberg , PDF document on homersheimat.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Riemann: Description of the Wetzlar mountain district . Adolphus Marcus, Bonn 1878, p. 147 .
- ↑ a b c d e Grube Friedberg at www.industriekultur-mittelhessen.de (accessed on February 15, 2018)
- ↑ Justushütte. Historical local lexicon for Hessen (as of December 28, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on December 28, 2015 .
- ↑ Mining in the Biebertal at the foot of the Dünsberg , PDF document on homersheimat.de