Messel Pit (Messel)

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Messel Pit
District, residential area Messel
Coordinates: 49 ° 55 ′ 12 ″  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 48 ″  E
Height : 168  (160-177)  m above sea level NHN
Residents : 350  (2016)
Incorporation : 1977
Incorporated into: Small rooms → Messel
Postal code : 64409
Area code : 06159

The district and residential area Grube Messel is located north and south of the Messel train station , spatially separated from the main town of Messel , a community east of Darmstadt in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district in Hesse . The settlement with a larger industrial area is known for the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site Messel Pit and should not be confused with it.

history

Train station and apartment buildings
Front: Messel railway station; back: Paraffin and mineral oil plant Messel, 1950s
St. Anthony's Chapel
SN view: Northwest part of the Messel pit, white slopes Background: scrap heap of the nearby Ytong plant

With the construction of the Main-Rhein-Bahn in 1858 and the construction of the Messel train station until 1870 and after the discovery of oil shale and the beginning of its exploitation with the establishment of the oil shale works, new jobs and a connection to the surrounding cities were created. The rural village of Messel gradually transformed into a community of workers and employees. Industrial plants and residential buildings were built around the former Messel train station, and what was later to become the Messel train station district north of the train station in the direction of Messel. At the same time, a small settlement was built a few dozen meters south of the railway line for the workers of the oil shale mine, called the Messel Pit . At that time, the settlement and the pit were located in the Klein-Zimmerner district ( Zeilharder Wald, Corridor 1 ), as the Messel Pit area (settlement and mine) was in the Zimmer forest area of ​​this more distant place.

The “Messeler brown coal” oil shale deposit was discovered from 1860 onwards. This form of lignite was unsuitable as fuel ; the crude oil as an ingredient, however, promised good profit opportunities with the onset of industrialization .

From 1884, the mining company "Union Messel" started in what is today the World Natural Heritage Site Messel Pit for the purpose of extracting tar and paraffin . The crude oil was extracted using specially developed smoldering furnaces. From 1900 new round ovens were created and diesel and gasoline were also refined. After 1924 owned by the IG Farben Group, from 1945 to 1953 under American military administration, production was continued from 1954 under Paraffin- und Mineralölwerk Messel GmbH until 1962. Use as a garbage dump could not least be prevented by a citizens' initiative . On December 8, 1995, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the entry Messel Pit Fossil Site as the third fossil deposit in the world.

In 1945 a Roman Catholic church, which had been requested since 1913, was inaugurated in the settlement . Originally built in 1910 as a firehouse for the union Messel built building was the chapel rebuilt, and when St. Anthony consecrated chapel. As a result of the influx of the expellees from the former Sudetenland and Silesia , a service could also be offered to the Messel and Messel pit for the predominant new citizens of the Catholic faith . In 1957 the St. Bonifatius Church in Messel was inaugurated and the chapel was only used sporadically for church services. With the help of a support association and donations from the Messel community and the Mainz diocese , the listed building was renovated by 2010. In addition to this, the fire station and Messel train station are designated as cultural monuments (see also: List of cultural monuments in Messel # Messel pit ).

In 1977, with the regional reform in Hesse, the merger with Messel took place. Growing together with the former Messel station district through further industrial plants and residential buildings, the mixed settlement north and south of the station is now regarded as the Messel pit district and is spatially separated from the main town of Messel by fields.

In the district there is a branch of the Senckenberg Society for Nature Research . The largest employer, along with many other companies in the industrial area around the train station, is the Ytong plant of today's Xella Group .

The district is recorded in the Hessenviewer and, in addition to the main town of Messel, a district according to the Messel main statutes. However, there is no local advisory board .

Attractions

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ When incorporated in 1977: 300 E .; currently 350 E. based on website 1949 - 1969 - GV "Glück auf" 1949 Grube Messel eV , no official statistical information available
  2. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Darmstadt and Dieburg and the city of Darmstadt (GVBl. II No. 330–334) of July 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 318 ff .,  §14 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  3. ↑ Messel Pit. In: Hessisches Gemeindelexikon. Retrieved February 18, 2018 .
  4. ^ Main Statute Messel §6: Public Announcements , p. 3, as of: 2012; Retrieved May 19, 2016