Gujarati script

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Gujarati
The syllable ka in Gujarati
ka in Gujarati 		Distribution area of ​​Gujarati
Font Abugida
languages Gujarati , Kutchi
Used in Gujarat
ancestry Protosinaitic script
 →  Phoenician script
  →  Aramaic script
   →  Brahmi script
    →  Gujarati
particularities Belongs to the Indian font family.
first consonant row of the Gujarati script

The Gujarati script ( Gujarati ગુજરાતી લિપિ Gujǎrātī Lipi ) is an Abugida , which is one of the North Indian scripts .

It is used in India ( Gujarat State ) and was the script with which Mahatma Gandhi learned to write.

history

The Gujarati script is derived from an earlier version of the Bengali script . The oldest known manuscript in Gujarati script dates from 1592. However, until the 19th century it was only used for private writing and bookkeeping. Scholars and writers only used Devanagari . That is why the Gujarati script was also given nicknames such as Mahajani (= trader 's script ).

Sanskrit text written in different scripts: "May Shiva bless whoever pleases the language of the gods." ( Kalidasa ).

Similarities with other Indian scripts

The Gujarati script differs little from the Devanagari script, with the exception of the missing top line . Like this, it also has a number of ligatures.

As with all Indian scripts , every syllable has the inherent vowel "a" ( ka, kha, ga ...), which is changed into other vowels ( ki, khi, ghi ...) with additional characters .

As with the other Indian scripts, the sounds are sorted according to phonetic criteria:

Indian phonetics

The vowels come first , then after the point of articulation (starting from the throat):

  1. Gutturals
  2. Palatal
  3. Retroflexes (cerebrals)
  4. Dental
  5. Labials

At the end of the table you will find:

table

Vowels

isolated diacritical diacritical ક Transcription IPA Name of the
diacrit. Character
અ ક a ​ə​
આ ા કા - ​a​ kānó
ઇ િ કિ i ​i​ hrasva-ajju
ઈ ી કી ī dīrgha-ajju
ઉ ુ કુ u ​u​ hrasva-varaḍuṃ
ઊ ૂ કૂ ū dīrgha-varaḍuṃ
ઋ ૃ કૃ ṛ ɾu
એ ે કે e e, ɛ ék mātra
ઐ ૈ કૈ ai əj be mātra
ઓ ો કો O o, ɔ kāno ék mātra
ઔ ૌ કૌ ouch əʋ kāno be mātra
ઍ ૅ કૅ â ​æ​
ઑ ૉ કૉ O ​ɔ​

ર r , જ j and હ h are irregular variants of રૂ rū , જી jī and હૃ hṛ .

Consonants

Plosives nasal Sonorous Hissing sound
unvoiced voiced
unaspirated aspirated unaspirated aspirated
Velar ક ka kə ખ kha k h ə ગ ga ɡə ઘ gha ɡ ɦ ə ઙ n / A ŋə
Palatal ચ approx tʃə છ cha tʃ h ə જ Yes dʒə ઝ jha dʒ ɦ ə ઞ n / A ɲə ય ya jə શ śa ʃə
Retroflex ટ ṭa ʈə ઠ ṭha ʈ h ə ડ there ɖə ઢ ḍha ɖ ɦ ə ણ n / A ɳə ર ra ɾə ષ ṣa
Dental ત ta t̪ə થ tha t̪ h ə દ there d̪ə ધ dha d̪ ɦ ə ન n / A nə લ la lə સ sa sə
labial પ pa pə ફ pha p h ə બ ba bə ભ bha b ɦ ə મ ma mə વ va ʋə

Digits

Arabic
numeral 		Gujarati
digit 		Surname
0 ૦ mīṇḍuṃ or shunya
1 ૧ ekaṛo or ek
2 ૨ bagaṛo or bay
3 ૩ tragaṛo or tran
4th ૪ chogaṛo or chaar
5 ૫ pāṃcaṛo or paanch
6th ૬ chagaṛo or chah
7th ૭ sātaṛo or sāt
8th ૮ āṭhaṛo or āanth
9 ૯ navaṛo or nav

Gujarati in Unicode

Unicode for Gujarati is U + 0A80… U + 0AFF.

    0 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 A. B. C. D. E. F.
A80   ઁ ં ઃ અ આ ઇ ઈ ઉ ઊ ઋ ઌ ઍ એ
A90   ઐ ઑ ઓ ઔ ક ખ ગ ઘ ઙ ચ છ જ ઝ ઞ ટ
AA0   ઠ ડ ઢ ણ ત થ દ ધ ન પ ફ બ ભ મ ય
AB0   ર લ ળ વ શ ષ સ હ ઼ ઽ ા િ
AC0   ી ુ ૂ ૃ ૄ ૅ ે ૈ ૉ ો ૌ ્
AD0   ૐ
AE0   ૠ ૡ ૢ ૣ ૦ ૧ ૨ ૩ ૪ ૫ ૬ ૭ ૮ ૯
AF0   ૰ ૱ ૹ ૺ ૻ ૼ ૽ ૾ ૿
  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Code point is not assigned

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ (Tisdall 1892, p. 20)