Hill-Meier

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Hill-Meier
Asperula cynanchica 080608a.jpg

Hill-Meier ( Asperula cynanchica )

Systematics
Subfamily : Rubioideae
Tribe : Rubieae
Sub tribus : Rubiinae
Genre : Meier ( Asperula )
Section : Cynanchicae
Type : Hill-Meier
Scientific name
Asperula cynanchica
L.

The hill Meier ( Asperula cynanchica ), also called hill master or brown root, is a species of the genus Meier ( Asperula ) within the red family (Rubiaceae).

description

Inflorescence and four-fold flowers
The petals as well as the fruits are clearly papilous on the outside (pointed-knotty or warty)

Vegetative characteristics

The Hügel-Meier is a summer green, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 25, rarely up to 50 centimeters. The Hügel-Meier grows loose grass. The stems are pliable. The leaves are up to four in whorls . The leaf blade is narrow- linear . The lower stem leaves are dried up during flowering. The stem leaves in the middle and upper area are shorter than the internodes .

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. The bracts have a spike tip and do not or barely protrude beyond the ovary . The hermaphrodite flowers are usually four-fold. The corolla is light pink or white and the outside is rough-grained. The mostly four 3 to 7 millimeter long petals are fused and the corolla tube is once or twice as long as the corolla lobes.

The partial fruits are dry, have no hooked hair and are clearly warty.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20, less often 40.

ecology

The Hügel-Meier is a scleromorphic hemicryptophyte . There is a richly branched root system, which enables vegetative propagation as a root creeper.

The cross-pollination is done by insects such as Diptera , butterflies and beetles ( Entomophilie ). In addition, spontaneous self-pollination is possible. Diaspores are the partial fruits and there is ants - or by digestive spread.

Distribution, locations and endangerment

The Hügel-Meier is widespread in Europe except in the north. It occurs frequently to scattered in Central Europe in the south, less often in the north. The northern limit of distribution runs in the area of ​​southern Netherlands - Ahrtal - Süntel - Braunschweig - southern Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania - Brandenburg . It occurs frequently or rarely in all Austrian federal states and is considered endangered in the Lower Austrian Waldviertel , the Upper Austrian Mühlviertel and the northern Vorarlberg .

The Hügel-Meier grows in limestone grasslands , on embankments, on sandy corridors, in dry shrubbery fringes, on the edges of forests and in dry pine forests. It occurs mainly over dry, lime-rich soils in the colline to subalpine altitude range and rises up to 1800 m above sea level. In Central Europe it is a species of the Festuco-Brometea class, but also occurs in societies of the Erico-Pinion or Molinion associations.

Systematics

Asperula cynanchica was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Asperula cynanchica L. are: Galium cynanchicum (L.) Scop. , Asperula collina Salisb. nom. superfl., Asperula arenicola Reut. , Asperula capillacea (Lange) Rouy , Asperula papillosa Lange , Asperula semiamicta Klokov , Asperula tenuiflora Jord. , Asperula trabutii Sennen , Asperula cynanchica L. var. Cynanchica .

Asperula cynanchica is very rich in shape. One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Asperula cynanchica subsp. condensata (Hero ex Boiss.) Honorable. & Krendl
  • Asperula cynanchica L. subsp. cynanchica : It occurs from Europe to the Caucasus.
  • Asperula cynanchica subsp. occidentalis (Rouy) Stace (Syn .: Asperula occidentalis Rouy ): It occurs in northern Spain, southwest France, Ireland and southwest Great Britain.
  • Asperula cynanchica subsp. pyrenaica (L.) Nyman (Syn .: Asperula pyrenaica L. , Asperula tinctoria var. adhaerens Gren. ): It occurs from the French and Spanish Pyrenees to the Sierra de Aralar in northeastern Spain.

Some authors have also distinguished two varieties :

  • Asperula cynanchica L. var. Cynanchica with pink flowers and a corolla tube up to 2.5 millimeters long.
  • Asperula cynanchica var. Arenicola ( Reut. ) Gremli with often white flowers and a corolla tube over 2.5 millimeters long.

swell

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  • PP Ferrer-Gallego: Typification of the Linnaean name Asperula cynanchica (Rubiaceae). In: Phytotaxa , Volume 195, 2015, pp. 98-100.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Asperula cynanchica L., Hügel-Meier. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN): Hügel-Meier, Hügel-Meister. In: wildblumen.net. Uwe Feßenbecker, accessed on May 26, 2011 .
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 47, online.
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  762 .
  5. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  6. ↑ a b c Asperula cynanchica. In: The Euro + Med Plantbase Project. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, July 21, 2010, accessed on January 28, 2016 (English).
  7. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 715 .
  8. ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Asperula cynanchica. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 27, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Hügel-Meier ( Asperula cynanchica )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files