Hamburg Shipbuilding Research Institute
| Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt GmbH | |
|---|---|
| legal form | GmbH |
| founding | 1913 |
| Seat | Hamburg |
| management | Janou Hennig |
| Number of employees | around 100 |
| Branch | shipbuilding |
| Website | www.hsva.de |
The HSVA Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt GmbH in Hamburg-Barmbek-Nord is a shipbuilding research institute in which ships ( ship hulls ) or models thereof are tested for shipyards from all over the world .
In 1913 the Hamburg state decided to build the Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt at state expense and on state land with the support of German shipyards and shipping companies . Initially residing on Schlicksweg, after its re-establishment after the Second World War in 1953 , the HSVA moved into new buildings on the site of the former New Schützenhof in Bramfelder Strasse.
The HSVA employs almost 100 people who work in the offices, workshops, warehouses and test facilities.
history
Foundation and operation until 1921
Friedrich Ahlborn, teacher at the secondary school in Hamburg, built a small test tank for fluid dynamics experiments with the support of Blohm & Voss . In 1904 he reported to the Shipbuilding Society (STG) about it and presented his results, which he had achieved with the simplest means. Encouraged by the encouragement from STG chairman Carl Busley and with financial support from the STG scholarship fund, he continued his work. He requested 85,000 Reichsmarks from the Hamburg Senate for a building in order to be able to continue his experiments under better conditions. Both Otto Schlick and Hermann Blohm supported him in 1908 when he submitted an application to continue his experiments. Hamburg reacted to this and had shipbuilding experts draw up a memorandum to check whether a shipbuilding research institute was needed in Hamburg. Based on the results of this memorandum, it was decided in 1913 to build the institute. With the help of a donation of 300,000 marks by the Schlick couple for a total of 1.3 million marks, it was built in Barmbek according to plans by Ernst Foerster and consisted of several towing tanks for seagoing ships, river boats and seaplanes . The large channel for seagoing ships was 350 meters long and 16 meters wide, the tow truck had a speed of 8 m / s, later 10 m / s and was driven by a Leonhard unit. The dynamometer used to measure the resistance came from the Bremerhaven towing test station of North German Lloyd, which was closed in 1914 due to the expansion of the port .
From 1915 to 1922, Carl Bruckhoff was in charge of the company , who was replaced by Günther Kempf in 1922 . Kempf had a great deal of experience with model tests, which he had gathered as head of the first German test station in Übigau.
1922 to 1945
Ernst Foerster, who was a member of the HSVA Supervisory Board for 20 years, founded the Society of Friends and Supporters of the Hamburg Shipbuilding Research Institute in 1922 to continue operating the Hamburg Shipbuilding Research Institute. Meanwhile, under Kempff, the measurement methods were improved and methods investigated to enable the models to self-propel. Important work areas were fundamental tests on frictional resistance, which were carried out in the model and large-scale version with the support of shipping companies. The propulsion tests for seagoing vessels carried out at the Research Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Shipbuilding in Berlin were supplemented for shallow river vessels. As the number of investigations for river boats increased, a special shallow water channel was built for this purpose.
The sinking of the lightship Elbe 1 in the hurricane gave rise to experiments with waves. The necessary ideas and construction documents for the wave generation system came from Hans Hoppe. With these new test facilities, tests were then successfully carried out with ship models in swell and the structural design of bilge keels. The investigations of the Kavitationschäden to the propellers of Bremen led an annular Kavitationstunneltanks, which was passed through a ring of the water 1929 construction. A rapid towing channel was built around 1930 to examine aircraft swimmers. The successful expansion and model tests for domestic and foreign shipowners was also evident in the fact that comparable systems were delivered to the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1930s . The Soviet Union received a cavitation tunnel and the Japanese Navy received the design documents and measuring equipment for the construction of a cavitation tunnel. The Netherlands and Sweden also later received cavitation tanks according to the technical documentation of the HSVA.
40 to 50% of the capacity utilization of the HSVA was in the area of seagoing vessels and their propellers, 15 to 25% in the area of river vessels and 35 to 45% in the area of the navy and other, this changed from the mid-1930s. The work for the Navy increased to over 70%, initially for large ships such as B. " Battleship H" and later for speedboats , submarines and small submarines. For this, the large towing channel was extended to 450 meters in 1943, but the new, enlarged tow truck was no longer delivered on time. From 1943, the work was severely restricted due to the war, and several bombing raids resulted in severe damage.
Post-war years
After the Second World War, the test basins were blown up, filled in with rubble and concrete, the test vehicles destroyed and the large test hall served the occupying forces as a depot. The cavitation tanks were destroyed or brought to Great Britain. Since the HSVA was banned, a successor organization was set up in the Maihak premises under the name of the Hanseatic Engineering Association (HIV). Technical activities of a theoretical and practical nature took place in the context of ship-technical lectures and laboratory tests at the engineering school at Berliner Tor .
1952: Creation of the new HSVA
In March 1952, the Society of Friends and Patrons of the Hamburg Shipbuilding Research Institute was re-established and Kaempf and Foerster encouraged their previous members to join them again. On the grounds of the Barmbeker Schützenhof, the new HSVA was built from 1952 onwards with an initially 80 meter long towing channel based on the Wellenkamp principle; instead of the tow truck, the model was pulled by a winch. This method was successfully used in the Berlin-Lichtenrade naval research institute built in 1906 . However, the winch was later replaced by a tow truck. In addition, a shallow water channel, a maneuver pond and an open circulation tank were built.
In 1955 Kempf retired and Hermann Lerbs was the new head of the HSVA until 1967. He was replaced by the acting director Herbert Rader. From 1969 to 1975 Otto Grim took over the management, who made a name for himself with the Grim's guide wheel . A cavitation tunnel was added during further expansion, the towing channel was enlarged to 200 meters (later to 300 meters) and a wave generator was installed. The construction of the icebreaker “Wisent”, carried out at the Hitzler shipyard in 1952, was the reason for the intensive occupation with icebreaking technology, which Heinrich Waas in particular promoted. The Thyssen-Waas-Bug was named after him, the use of which enables a clod-free ice channel behind icebreakers. In 1958, a small ice tank 8 meters long and 1.8 meters wide was created for simple initial resistance tests. From Odo Krappinger was the successor to Grim, a computer-aided measurement device for measuring the hydrodynamic forces and moments was a moving ship model be implemented during his tenure. This system, known in the trade as Computerized Planar Motion Carriage (CPMC), enables comprehensive and very precise measurements and determinations of the maneuvering properties of a ship model.
As a European research facility, the ice tank, which was extended to 78 meters and is 10 meters wide and 5 meters deep, was built in 1984 and is available to engineers from EU countries free of charge. The operating costs are also borne by the EU. The hydrodynamics and cavitation tunnel, inaugurated in 1988, which is abbreviated as HYKAT, is used to investigate and predict cavitation on propellers and pressure fluctuations on the aft section caused by the propeller.
2013: 100 years of HSVA
In 2013 the HSVA celebrated its 100th anniversary with various events, an open day and the issue of an anniversary book. For the anniversary, HSVA towed the 5,000th ship model with the model hull for the Titanic 2 of the Blue Star Line shipping company founded by Clive Palmer in 2012 . The aim was to examine the ship's resistance and other hydrodynamic properties of the model from the replica of the Titanic, which sank in 1912, in the large tow tank.
Experimental facilities
Wood workshop and model milling machine
The ship models are created according to the data and the line plan of the ships to be examined in rough form in the wood workshop from glued wooden slats as a blank. In one to two days, the model milling machine with a milling head that can be moved in five axes is then used to create the millimeter-accurate ship shape. The digital data required for this was created from the ship lines that were designed by the shipyard, shipbuilding offices or the HSVA.
HSVA model warehouse, model of a ship from Blohm + Voss
HSVA model store with fully painted ship models, yellow for experiments in the towing channel, red for experiments in the ice tank
View into the workshop with the model milling machine
Milled unpainted wooden model
Model preparation workshop
After painting and further finishing, the wooden model is provided with the necessary drive and measuring devices , depending on the planned examination . The model propeller and the propeller shaft are built into the model, they are driven by an electric motor. The dynamometer is used to measure the propeller speed, the thrust and the drive power . In addition, depending on the order, a rowing machine , fin stabilizers or emitters can be added.
Large tow tank
The thus equipped ship models are towed in the 300 meter long towing tank with the help of the test vehicle, which moves on the rails of the side walls above the water surface. The measurement data are recorded with the measurement computers on the measurement vehicle and are already pre-evaluated here in order to make initial statements. With appropriate additional equipment, free-moving models can also be examined in order to enable statements about the maneuvering behavior. The lateral wave generators can also be used to examine ships or offshore platforms in the sea.
Ice tank
Particularly complex investigations are carried out in the HSVA's ice tank, which is one of the world's largest ice technology test facilities. The model ice can be created with air temperatures down to −25 ° C as a closed ice cover up to a thickness of 8 cm. Experiments to break the closed ice cover as well as driving in ice channels with ice floes are carried out.
Hydrodynamic and Cavitation Tunnel (HYKAT)
Water speeds of up to 45 km / h can be set in an eleven-meter-long measuring section of the ring channel from the hydrodynamic and cavitation tunnel. In contrast to the moving natural-size ship, the ship model is tied up and thus enables good observation of the flow around the aft ship and the cavitation processes on the model propeller. Cavitation describes the two dynamic processes of evaporation and subsequent condensation in water. The vapor bubbles created by local vacuum evaporation (in front of the propeller) move with the flow through the propeller. They condense on the pressure side of the propeller blades and the condensation process can be accompanied by high pressure peaks (implosion). If the implosion takes place directly on the sash, the smallest amount of material removed with each rotation can soon lead to major damage.
literature
- SD Sharma: Possibilities of the HSVA's CPMC system for maneuvering tests , Yearbook of the Shipbuilding Society 1986
- A. Kracht: Cavitation on rudders , Yearbook of the Shipbuilding Society 1987
- J. Friesch, E.-A. Weitendorf: The HYCAT, the new test facility of the HSVA - possible applications and first results , yearbook of the Shipbuilding Society 1990
- J. Friesch: The use of the hydrodynamic and cavitation tunnel HYKAT in the field of defense technology See , Yearbook of the Shipbuilding Society 1994
- E.-A. Weitendorf, J. Friesch: Cavitation in Shipbuilding , Yearbook of the Shipbuilding Society 1999
- J. Michel: Generation of ice under controlled conditions - neural networks for predicting the thickness and flexural strength of model ice , yearbook of the shipbuilding society 2010
- H. Streckwall, H.-U. Schnoor, M. Mathies: Profile examinations for rudders and 2 screwdrivers, annexes , yearbook of the Shipbuilding Society 2010
- Hamburg invests in shipbuilding research . In: Daily port report from June 28, 2011, p. 3
- Katja Jacobsen: New side wave generator in HSVA's towing tank . In: Hansa , issue 10/2011, pp. 16-18, Schiffahrts-Verlag Hansa, Hamburg 2011, ISSN 0017-7504
- Michael Meyer: 100 years of research for shipping . In: Daily port report of September 10, 2013, p. 14
- Jürgen Friesch, Uwe Hollenbach, Peter Neumann, Christian Oestersehlte: 100 years HSVA . In: Hansa , Heft 9/2013, pp. 52–59, ISSN 0017-7504 (text in English, with interesting photographs from the middle of the 20th century)
- 100 years HSVA Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt . Schiff & Hafen Spezial in: Schiff & Hafen , issue 10/2013, pp. 53–71, DVV Media Group, Hamburg 2013, ISSN 0938-1643
- Petra Scheidt: Try makes you smart . In: Deutsche Seeschifffahrt , issue 11/2013, pp. 23–29, Association of German Shipowners eV (ed.), Hamburg 2013
Web links
- HSVA website (English)
- Early documents and newspaper articles on Hamburg Shipbuilding Research Institute in the 20th Century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt GmbH ( Memento of the original from June 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Maritime Cluster Northern Germany. Retrieved September 15, 2013
- ↑ a b Obituary . In: Ship and Harbor . Volume 7, Issue 4. CDC Heydorns, Hamburg April 1955, p. 339 .
- ^ Old and new friends of the HSVA , In: Hamburger Abendblatt , April 12, 1952.
Coordinates: 53 ° 35 ′ 30 ″ N , 10 ° 3 ′ 41 ″ E