Hammerschloss Unterwildenau
The Hammerschloss Unterwildenau is a castle in the Unterwildenau district of the same name in the Upper Palatinate market Luhe-Wildenau (Unterwildenau 17). The iron hammer that once existed there was driven by the water of the Waldnaab , from which the Mühlbach was diverted north of the village by means of a weir . The building ensemble of the palace is enclosed on the south-east side by the Schleifbach.
History of Wildenau
1183 was named as the local nobleman "Otto von Wildenau", who appeared as the seal witness of the Counts of Sulzbach and the Waldsassen monastery . In 1310 "Ulrich von Waldau", a ministerial of the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg , and his wife were called "Diemutis", a native of Paulsdorf ; These handed over to the Waldsassen monastery in Oberwildenau in 1311 to improve the meals of the Waldsassen monks and as alms donation for the poor at the church door in Eger . Until the second half of the 15th century, Wildenau remained under the rule of the Waldsassen monastery, but came back to the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg from 1470.
There the Amberg mountain and ironworks family Ruitz (also written "Rütz") built a rail hammer . The work was often pledged, but was owned by the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg. The Unterwildenauer Hammer was one of 83 hammer mills that were involved in the founding of the Upper Palatinate hammer cleaning on January 7, 1387. A Peter Ruitz sealed it. For the operation of the plant the Mühlbach was derived from the Waldnaab . From 1474 the Plech family (also written "Plecher" or "Plechen") was called there. Hans Plecher, a citizen of Nuremberg, was the hammer master at the time. Next was his widow "Margaretha Plech", who on April 25, 1492 sold two ponds below Neudorf to Wolfgang Piringer von Weiden. The Plech family bought the hammer with the help of borrowed money from a Ruprecht Buchsenhofer from Amberg, who bequeathed his income from the hammer in Wildenau to the Liebfrauenkirche in Pfreimd for one year . Around 1525, the widow Plech seems to have given up the hammer, because on February 7, 1526 Landgrave Johann von Leuchtenberg sold the hammer to Bernhard Scherreuther from Neuhaus . An interest charge on Sebalduskirche from Nuremberg in the amount of 12 fl he had to take over. Scherreuther was also a nurse in Wernberg . Under him the Hofmark became a state estate and in 1530 it was included in the state register of the Upper Palatinate. Scherreuther was a violent person, on August 1, 1538, he stabbed his miller's servant, whom he had found with his daughter at midnight, with a pork spit. The act seems to have gone unpunished in the end. Scherreuther was listed on December 17, 1550 as an assessor of the Leuchtenberg fief court.
On October 13, 1566 Niklas Paur, former Chancellor of Bishop Georg von Regensburg, bought the Wildenau estate from Landgrave Ludwig Heinrich . On November 3, 1573 he sold the seat and Hofmark Wildenau to the Landgravine Mechthild and the guardian of the underage son Georg Ludwig , Duke Albrecht of Bavaria . Due to high debts, the Leuchtenberg Castle and Hofmark Wildenau had to first give it as a pledge to Wolf Jakob Behaim von Adelshausen and sell it to Hieronymus Braun from Nuremberg on July 28, 1592. Since he was in default of paying the purchase price, Wildenau was withdrawn and sold to Ambrosius Graf, Leuchtenberg councilor and chancellor. On May 8, 1606, Wildenau was sold again, this time to Konrad Diez von Weidenberg . During the sale there was talk of the “Chapel of St. Lorenz, a grinding mill with three gears and a cutting or saw mill”, but the hammer was no longer mentioned, so it seems to have gone off. After the end of the Thirty Years' War the Landsasse Grillmeier in Unterwildenau tried to resume iron production, but that seems to have failed.
During the Thirty Years' War, Count Ernst von Mansfeld's troops invaded Wildenau on February 20, 1621 and devastated the Hofmark. In 1629 "Hans Friedrich Diez" was named in a tax settlement to Elector Maximilian , from 1639 Johann Fortunatus Diez von Weidenberg 'is registered as lord of the court and after 1647 his heirs. From 1664 ohann Ludwig Diez was the successor, Leuchtenberg vicestat holder and caretaker of Wernberg; he was followed by Johann Georg Diez von Weidenberg, Leuchtenberg district judge.
In 1714 Wildenau was sold to Johann Baptist Josef Ignaz von und zu Hauzenberg auf Schirmitz . After the death of his wife, he turned to the clergy and sold his property to Johann Ludwig von Stingelheim on Kürn and Bernhaldswald. Around 1750, Franz Friedrich von Hann bought the Unterwildenau possessions. From 1738 to 1753 Hann was the tenant of the Weiherhammer ironworks . From 1763 Anton Ignaz became Herr von Hann in Wildenau. He was married to Maria Barbara Sommer, daughter of the Speinshart monastery judge . After his death, Wildenau came to his daughter Katharina von Hann and her husband Franz Amadeus von Hirschberg auf Ebnath and Schwarzenreuth. The estate is still owned by this family today.
From 1759, a paper mill was set up in the hammer building on Mühlbach. This lasted until 1870, but then had to cease operations due to the overwhelming competition. A glass grinding and polishing plant was set up in its place . The Unterwildenau Loop was operated until 1914; after the First World War the building was demolished. The water power of the Mühlbach is used today by an electricity station built in 1956.
Buildings
The castle is a late Gothic gable building from the early 17th century. The main building was originally two-story and was later expanded to three-story with a gable roof . The farm yard dates from around 1800, one component is labeled "1861". The park is partially walled and was laid out in the first half of the 19th century; previously there was a root, fruit and herb garden there, and the cultivation of hops was also common. The south-eastern outbuilding with a two-aisled entrance hall and groin vault was built in 1930, the architect was Weiden city planning officer Josef Linhart. The rooms have colorfully painted wooden beam ceilings, designed in 1923/24 by the Weiden artist Hans Wilhelm Vierling in a neo-Gothic style.
Around the property there is a 2 m high wall with two small turrets. Slag from the former hammer was also used for the masonry.
St. Lorenz Chapel
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Plech built a chapel dedicated to St. Lawrence next to the castle in Unterwildenau. The acanthus altar was donated by Johann Ludwig Diez (around 1670). The family also donated an anniversary for the chapel and for the parish church in Luhe. Several weddings were celebrated in the chapel, for example Anton Ignaz von Hann married Maria Barbara Sommer there on January 11, 1765 and Franz Amand von Hirschberg married the heiress of Hofmarks, Katharina von Hann, on February 19, 1798.
The chapel belonged to the parish of Luhe and had to pay tithes there. The foundations for the chapel led from 1827 to 1832 to disputes between the Hofmarks owner and the government of the Regenkreis. The Hirschberger refused to state the foundation assets for the castle chapel, as in his opinion it belonged to the assets of the family foundation. Ultimately, however, he had to give in to the threat of a fine and the sending of a waiting messenger and deliver a list of the capital of the castle chapel. The foundation capital all came from the previous owner family Diez and the landowner Franz Amand von Hirschberg the submission of the foundation bill was waived.
During the major fire in Unterwildenau in 1887, the chapel also burned down. Under Hermann I von Hirschberg it was rebuilt, but not benediziert . It was not until 1941 to 1943 that Ms. Elsa von Hirschberg prepared her for the service with the support of Pastor Johann Stadler from Luhe. From then on, regular services were held in the chapel again.
The chapel has a flat ceiling with wooden inlays and a re-entrant choir arch as well as a roof turret . It is equipped with a baroque acanthus altar. This had been replaced by a neo-baroque altar during an earlier renovation and was kept in a barn; so he escaped destruction by the local fire. The altar was redesigned in 1943 by the master painter Götz from Weiden. The altar was donated by the estate owner family Diez von Weidenberg. The year “1700” and the abbreviation “JLDvWaW” (Johann Ludwig von Dietz von Weidenberg auf Wildenau) are in the altar structure. Above the opening of the old tabernacle is the coat of arms of Diez von Weidenberg. The Franconian-Upper Palatinate artist Johann Michael Doser is said to have made the altar around 1710. In the altar stands Saint Laurentius as a niche figure. Large thistle blossoms are placed on the altar; the thistle was a plant valued for its healing properties. The side board cheeks with painted acanthus tendrils date from 1943. The pulpit that once existed was not replaced. The interior, which was still rich around 1883, has largely disappeared, instead of an organ there is only a harmonium, and only a bell.
literature
- Karl-Heinz Preißer: The Hofmark Wildenau in the course of history (2nd edition). eutrans-Verlag, Weiden 1992, ISBN 3-929318-00-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Historical Atlas of Bavaria : Altbayern series I issue 47: Neustadt an der Waldnaab, Weiden. Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1978, p. 204.
Coordinates: 49 ° 35 ′ 59.5 ″ N , 12 ° 8 ′ 9.1 ″ E