Hans Breuer (youth movement)

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Hans Breuer, around 1910

Hans Breuer (born April 30, 1883 in Gröbers , † April 20, 1918 near Verdun ) was a German doctor and folk song collector . He is considered one of the formative personalities of the Wandervogel movement and in 1909 was the editor of the songbook Der Zupfgeigenhansl .

Life

Family grave stone in the Bergfriedhof (Heidelberg) in department D new with memorial inscription for Hans Breuer

A few years after Hans was born, the Breuer family left Gröbers. His parents, mother Maria Breuer geb. Knauer (1858–1936) and father Carl Breuer (1852–1942) took over a glass factory in Bunzlau in Silesia at the end of 1889 from their late father-in-law, Ferdinand Knauer (1824–1889). Breuer started school there and went to high school in 1893. Hans himself had three sisters. In 1898 the family moved to Berlin- Friedau. Breuer attended the Steglitz high school there, where he became a member of the Wandervogel around Hermann Hoffmann in 1899 . Through his music teacher Max Pohl, he learned to appreciate the older German folk song. There he belonged to the group around Karl Fischer and thus became a " Scholar " (group member) and later " Bachant " (group leader) in the "Wandervogel - Committee for Student Rides " founded in 1901. V. “(Wandervogel-AfS).

After Breuer had passed his Abitur in 1903 as the best of his year, Primus Omnium , he studied medicine , art history and philosophy in Marburg, Tübingen, Munich and Heidelberg . In 1904 he followed Fischer in the split of the Wandervogel AfS into the Alt-Wandervogel , from which he transferred in 1907 to the newly founded Wandervogel, Deutscher Bund (WVDB). During his time in Heidelberg in 1907 he founded the “Heidelberger Pachantey”, which, through its focus on folk song and folk dance, had a lasting influence on the style of the Wandervogel movement. From 1908 Breuer was a member of the federal management of the WVDB, in 1910/11 he was its federal director. In 1909 Breuer published the Zupfgeigenhansl , a song book that was first widely used and widely circulated in the German youth movement and later in the youth music movement . By 1936 there were over a million copies sold.

After completing his studies and doctorate in 1910, Breuer initially worked as an assistant doctor in various east and south German cities before he was newly married (May 31, 1913) to Elisabeth Riegler (1894–1917) in 1913 in Graefenroda . At the beginning of the First World War he volunteered, although he had been written unsuitable for the field and garrison due to severe myopia . After a brief tenure as sanitary corporal , he was in 1914 for medical assistant and 1916 senior physician promoted.

Breuer died on April 20, 1918 in the Merles military hospital near Verdun , after being buried in a medical shelter the day before . In the new edition of the Zupfgeigenhansl 1918, instead of a foreword, an obituary for Hans Breuer appeared, which among other things said: "Somewhere in France his body is rotting, but the work of Hans Breuer will live on as long as a German wanderer and hiker sings."

Breuer was buried in the Mangiennes military cemetery (Block 6, grave 178). The grave of his wife Elisabeth Breuer, nee Riegler, and their son Hans-Wolfgang Breuer (1917–1935) was in the Heidelberg mountain cemetery . It was adorned with a limestone stele, which is adorned with a carved cartouche made of roses into a wreath . The stele bears the life data of Hans Breuer in the base area and those of his wife who died a few months before him in the middle area. In memory of the son Hans-Wolfgang Breuer, the dates of his life were carved into the cartridge. In later times the stele was symbolically crowned by a bronze songbird. The grave site was abandoned and the shell limestone stele was re-erected as a memorial stone in Section D.

Honors

Hans Breuer street name sign in Schwoitsch

The " Jugendherberge Hans Breuer" in Schwarzburg (from 1945 to 1990 "Jugendherberge Georgi Dimitroff ") and the "Hans-Breuer-Altwanderer-Hostel" in Inzmühlen (later "Hans-Breuer-Hof") were named after Breuer. In the old Heidelberg youth hostel he was honored with the "Hans Breuer Memorial Room" and a memorial stone by the sculptor Waldherr. A memorial stone was also placed for him in the "Grove of Honor of the German Youth Movement" near Waldeck Castle . In 1993/94 in his birthplace Gröbers, in connection with the development of a new residential area in the Schwoitsch district, Hans-Breuer-Strasse was named after him.

Publications

  • Children with heart disease later in life . Hubert, Götting 1910. [Dissertation]
  • The Zupfgeigenhansl . Heinrich Hohmann printing works, Darmstadt 1909. [as editor]
  • The Zupfgeigenhansl . 10th edition, Verlag Friedrich Hofmeister, Leipzig 1913. [as editor; final edition on which all subsequent editions and reprints are based]

literature

  • Memory and Legacy: A Memorial Booklet about Hans Breuer . Publishing house Erich Matthes, Hartenstein 1932.
  • Wilhelm Heiske:  Breuer, Hans Emil. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 606 ( digitized version ).
  • Documentation of the youth movement . In: Werner Kindt (Hrsg.): Basic writings of the German youth movement . tape 1 . Diederichs, Düsseldorf 1963, p. 560 .
  • Heinz Speiser; Ludwigstein Youth Castle Foundation (ed.): Hans Breuer, work and effects: a monograph . Witzenhausen 1977, ISBN 3-88551-006-5 .
  • Heinrich Steinmeyer: Hans Breuer . Ed .: Reich Association for German Youth Hostels, Landesverband Thüringen e. V. Weimar 1932.

Web links

Commons : Hans Breuer (Wandervogel)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Breuer (biographical notes). In: Werner Kindt (Hrsg.): Documentation of the youth movement . Volume I: Basic scripts of the German youth movement . Diederichs, Düsseldorf 1963, p. 560.
  2. ↑ Lutz G. Wenzel: "The simple, beautiful way of the people" . In: Die Welt , March 24, 2009
  3. ↑ Florian Malzacher, Matthias Daenschel: Youth Movement for Beginners . 2nd Edition. Verlag der Jugendbewegung, Stuttgart 2004, p. 32.
  4. ↑ L. Ruuskanen: The Heidelberg Bergfriedhof through the ages . Verlag Regionalkultur, 2008, p. 111.
  5. ^ Sunday news Halle / Saale , special publication of October 21, 2012, p. 14/15 Walter Müller.
personal data
SURNAME Breuer, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Breuer, Johannes Emil (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, folk song collector and activist of the Wandervogel movement, publisher of the Zupfgeigenhansl
DATE OF BIRTH April 30, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Grosser
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1918
Place of death at Verdun