Happertshausen
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Happertshausen
community Aidhausen
Coordinates: 50 ° 9 ′ 48 ″ N , 10 ° 28 ′ 5 ″ E
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| Height : | 284 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 259 (Jan. 1, 2020) |
| Incorporation : | May 1, 1978 |
| Postal code : | 97491 |
| Area code : | 09523 |
Happertshausen is part of the municipality of Aidhausen in the Haßberge district in ( Bavaria ). As of January 1, 2020, the town had a total of 259 inhabitants, 240 of whom were registered as primary residents.
geography
Happertshausen is about 284 m above sea level. NN in the Haßberge Nature Park south of the Haßberge . Neighboring towns are Friesenhausen , Aidhausen , Kerbfeld and Nassach .
history
Happertshausen was a Franconian royal village that fell to the Würzburg monastery through an exchange in 1149, where it remained until secularization. Judging by the ending of the place name "-hausen", the place, similar to neighboring Friesenhausen, was likely to have originated in the 8th or 9th century. The initial syllable "Happerts-" most likely comes from a male first name, perhaps from the "Hahpraht" or "Hahbert" that was in use at the time. Interestingly, these two names appear several times in documents of the Fulda monastery in the 8th and 9th centuries, which additionally supports the dating of the place to this time. The earlier origin as early as the 6th century, postulated by a local author without giving sources or evidence, can, however, be ruled out from a historical perspective. The village is thus expressly not one of the oldest settlements in the Haßgau, which is also confirmed by the fact that the corridor marking does not have the very best floors. In addition, Happertshausen is not one of the original parishes. The patronage of the village church, which is consecrated to the English king St. Oswald , provides further evidence of a foundation in the 8th or 9th century . He only died in the middle of the 7th century and his veneration was made known on the continent especially in the 8th and 9th centuries by Anglo-Saxon missionaries.
In 1149 Konrad III. a royal document is issued, which marks the transition to the Würzburg monastery and is the first mention of the place. The document speaks of two districts, namely Ober- (13 Huben ) and Unterhappertshausen (14 Huben). The church was located in Oberhappertshausen and was already assigned to the original parish Wettringen (in Lower Franconia!). The fact that Wettringen is one of the oldest places in the area is probably derived from this assignment, as it was a royal property from the time of the Frankish conquest and, which is typical for the first permanent settlements, also has one large corridor marking with the most fertile soils far and wide. On the edge of this royal estate in Wettringen, towards the border of Haßberg, Happertshausen is likely to have emerged as an extension in the 8th or 9th century. Under Prince-Bishop Lorenz von Bibra , Happertshausen was officially detached from Wettringen on January 1, 1498 and made an independent parish, but legally it remained with Cent Wettringen.
The place suffered a lot during the Thirty Years' War : soldiers frequented the place, not only Swedish horsemen, imperial troops also plundered, pillaged or let themselves be billeted and fed at the expense of the residents. At the end of the war there was great hardship, the church was badly damaged, as were many houses in Oberhappertshausen. In contrast, Unterhappertshausen was completely burned down and was not rebuilt afterwards. It was not until the 20th century that the area was rebuilt through the designation of the new building area "Im Gäßlein" - this historical name had, interestingly, been used as a field name for the abandoned street for centuries.
In the course of secularization, Happertshausen was occupied by troops from the Electorate of Baiern in November 1802 and officially annexed to it in 1803. From 1806 to 1814 the intermezzo of the Grand Duchy of Würzburg lasted, which, by Napoleon's grace, Ferdinand III. ruled by Tuscany . In 1814 the place finally fell to Bavaria, which had now become a kingdom. Today - after a few nominal changes in the meantime - the official administrative structure is the Free State of Bavaria, Lower Franconia administrative district, Haßberge district, Aidhausen community, Happertshausen district.
The previously independent municipality of Happertshausen was incorporated into the municipality of Aidhausen on May 1, 1978.
Catholic parish church St. Oswald
The patronage of the village church, which is consecrated to the English king St. Oswald of Northumbria, provides an indication of a foundation in the 8th or 9th century . He died a martyr's death on August 5, 642. His veneration was made known on the continent, especially in the 8th and 9th centuries by Anglo-Saxon and Scottish missionaries, and the founding of churches in these two centuries in particular is dedicated to his name. The oldest concrete information about a church building in what was then Oberhappertshausen comes from the Thirty Years War , when Swedish horsemen presumably set fire to the church. A subsequent repair must have taken place, as there has been documented service since 1690 (the beginning of the registers of those baptized, married and buried here). Since the 18th century, however, the inadequate state of construction up to the point of dilapidation has been complained about in several minutes of the clerical government.
It was not until the years 1816 to 1818 that a stately, architecturally very high quality church was built from scratch. The Royal Ministry of the Interior in Munich granted permission for this in August 1816, namely " [...] in the form simplified and refined here according to the attached building plan of the Königl: Stiftungs-Oberbau-Commissariat all here" . The size is due to the fact that it was built for the believers from the neighboring village of Kerbfeld, which at that time belonged to the parish of Happertshausen as a branch. In terms of style, it is classicism of pronounced simplicity, implemented as a well-proportioned hipped roof building on five axes with a single-tower front crowned by an eight-sided, high pointed helmet. In its forms, a distinctly solitary building is evident, for which there are no direct comparison objects in the entire Franconian region or in the old Bavarian region. Both the unusual shape and the quality of the architecture, which is extraordinary for a country church, can be explained by its well-traveled and highly educated creator: the Portuguese with Basque roots was responsible for the architect Emanuel Joseph von Herigoyen, who was the royal superintendent in Munich from 1810 to 1817 . The experienced master mason Georg Büttner from Königshofen im Grabfeld (today Bad Königshofen) was able to be won over for the execution. He had also submitted his own designs, but these were not accepted. It is not clear who was responsible for the slight reduction in height of the eight-sided bell storey with the simultaneous substantial stepping and slimming of the pointed helmet in the construction, two major deviations from Herigoyen's crack, which was last approved in Munich. Both changes, however, increase the elegance of the building and it would be possible that Herigoyen's original plans were known on site, which had been "simplified" by the "Königl: Stiftungs-Oberbau-Commissariat" in order to save money. In any case, Master Büttner and the parish of Happertshausen disregarded the plans approved by Munich and the result is obviously a great gain in the quality of the architecture. Outside above the main portal there is a Renaissance stone relief with a resurrection motif, evidently the upper part of a lost epitaph from around 1600. Its high quality and the unfamiliar green reed sandstone indicate that it was used here a second time - even this is not yet shown by the approved original plans Relief does not come from Happertshausen. Since a number of pieces from secularization goods were used in the construction from 1816 to 1818, this stone may also have been acquired from outside. The size and quality speak for the grave of a nobleman or high cleric as the origin - perhaps from the demolished Abbey Church in Bildhausen, from where a pulpit was obtained back then?
Inside, one encounters a simple hall with a cove ceiling, from which one of the five window axes is separated by a wall with a choir arch as a chancel. As a high altar, the former Martinus altar from 1775/76 from the collegiate church of St. Peter and Alexander in Aschaffenburg could be acquired as an item of secularization. This comes from the church painter and plasterer Jacob Conrad Bechtold, who immortalized himself by name on one of the large assistant figures St. Peter and St. John the Evangelist. When it was installed in Happertshausen, the column structure was obviously changed, apparently reduced, and now appears as a four-column rococo altar. The original altarpiece has been missing at least since the end of the 19th century when a historicist painting of St. Oswald was added. 1967, this carved removed and replaced with an elegant to 1741/42 by the Rococo sculptor Johann Joseph Kessler statue of the risen Christ was replaced, which until then the sounding board of a baroque - pulpit adorned. This pulpit was given away free of charge in 1817 as an item of secularization from the abolished abbey church (Maria) Bildhausen - for the church in Happertshausen, however, the high-quality work was too big from the start. So it was expanded again in 1967 and unfortunately destroyed in the process. In addition to the resurrected one, four small sculptures of the evangelists from the pulpit have been preserved, which have since adorned the gallery parapet. It was not until 2009 that a very pleasing antependium with the depiction of the patron saint St. Oswald was shown in front of the canteen of the high altar, an oil painting from the Rococo era, which certainly comes from the previous church and was not visible behind the pulpit to close a nave window until 1967 was and has been preserved in this way. To the side of the chancel arch in the nave are two simple side altars framed by Corinthian columns, which were obviously put together from various older parts in a neighbourhood-style around 1818. The altar leaves are of high quality: on the right Mary as Immaculata and on the left St. Joseph with the baby Jesus, both very solid works by Heinrich Schleyer from 1760. On the left side wall there is a Gothic Madonna figure from the early 15th century, which unfortunately was made in the 20th century received an unsuitable crown and a new, disfiguring color scheme. According to local tradition, the figure is said to come from the Protestant church in Nassach, which may well be possible, because shortly before the new church in Happertshausen, the Gothic nave was torn down and replaced by a classicist new building. Such a figure would hardly have found a suitable place there, apart from the fact that the preserving Lutheranism at the beginning of the 19th century also took a more critical stance towards depictions of Mary in (new) churches. A few wooden sculptures in rural Rococo adorn the nave walls: St. Katharina, St. Barbara, St. Georg and St. Wendelin. They should come from the previous church. It was not until 1919 that Heinz Schiestl delivered a carved Pietà in the late Gothic style, such a successful copy or re-creation that it was repeatedly mistaken for a medieval original by experts. However, it is a grateful donation from a war returnees. An early baroque, eight-sided baptismal font, marked with the year 1679, is also crowned by a small group of figures, which could well have come from Heinz Schiestl, a baptism of Jesus with John the Baptist. On the gallery opposite the high altar stands the classical organ case by Johann Kirchner from Euerdorf, whose functional work was sold in 1929 to Fabrikschleichach, where it is still in service today. In Happertshausen at that time they wanted a much larger work with now two manuals, one of which was built as a swell mechanism, and a fully developed pedal, which Eduard Hofmann from Hofheim in Lower Franconia built into Kirchner's case, which was extended to the rear.
Other structures
The old smithy on Kirchplatz is a half-timbered building that, according to dendrochronological research, is said to date back to 1707, but until a few years ago the magnificent gable in the ornamental framework was clearly carved with the year 1743, which could perhaps indicate a conversion of the former community forge. The rectory, built in 1629, is imposing, although it was built many years after Julius Echter's death, it still clearly shows the characteristics of the Echter style. A round arched seat niche portal at the rectory and some grooved window frames on its ground floor were unfortunately removed at the beginning of the 20th century. Nothing is left of the former village fortifications. One path chapel dates from 1774 and has been preserved in its original form, another from the 18th century was rebuilt in the 1960s using the baroque door jambs. A path chapel from the 19th century was also rebuilt around 1980 using the sandstone decorative elements. In the former main portal of a school building built in Art Nouveau style right next to the church in 1910, which was walled up to form a conche, there is now a decorative rococo wayside shrine from 1750. Its front shows the crucifixion of Christ, the back shows a protective cloak Madonna.
literature
- Herbert Kössler: (District) Hofheim. In: Commission for Bavarian State History (ed.): Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Part Franconia, Heft 13, Munich 1964.
- P. Matthäus Zimmermann: Happertshausen, a royal village from the 6th century . Ed .: Municipality of Happertshausen, 4 booklets (wrongly called "Bändchen"), Würzburg and Hofheim in UFr. 1951-1955.
- District Haßberge (Ed.): Art and culture guide through the district Haßberge. With a foreword by Karlheinz Deschner, 2nd revised edition, Haßfurt 2018, v. a. P. 22.
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://geoportal.bayern.de/bayernatlas/?lang=de&topic=ba&bgLayer=atkis&catalogNodes=11,122
- ^ Herbert Kössler: (District) Hofheim . In: Commission for Bavarian State History (Hrsg.): Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Franconia . Issue 13. Munich 1964, p. 12-13 .
- ^ P. Matthäus Zimmermann: Happertshausen, a royal village from the 6th century . Ed .: Municipality of Happertshausen. Issue 1. Würzburg 1951, p. 12-14 .
- ^ P. Matthäus Zimmermann: Happertshausen, a royal village from the 6th century . Ed .: Municipality of Happertshausen. Issue 1. Würzburg 1951, p. 9-13 .
- ^ Karl Bosl: Franconia around 800. Structural analysis of a Franconian royal province . In: Series of publications on Bavarian national history . tape 58 . Munich 1959, p. 8 u. a .
- ↑ Michael Lapidge: Oswald of Northumbria . In: André Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Michael Lapidge (Eds.): Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . tape 2 . Routledge 2001, ISBN 978-1-57958-282-1 , pp. 1059 .
- ^ Herbert Kössler: (District) Hofheim . In: Commission for Bavarian State History (Hrsg.): Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Franconia . Issue 13. Munich 1964, p. 12-13, 22-24, 38-41 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 760 .
- ^ András Vizkelety: Oswald King of Northumbria . In: Wolfgang Braunfels (ed.): Lexicon of Christian Iconography (LCI) . tape 8 . Rome / Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-451-22568-9 , Sp. 102-103 .
- ↑ Johannes Sander: Classicism in Lower Franconia . In: Staatsarchiv Würzburg (Hrsg.): Catalog for the exhibition in the Staatsarchiv Würzburg from October 5 to November 29, 2013 . Würzburg 2013, p. 20 and Fig.8.1 .
- ↑ August Amrhein: Realschematismus the diocese Würzburg . Ed .: Episcopal Ordinariate Würzburg. Würzburg 1897, p. 514-515 .
- ↑ Johannes Sander: Church building in transition. Sacred architecture in Bavaria under Max I. Joseph and Ludwig I. Regensburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-7954-2684-2 , p. 120-121 .
- ^ District Haßberge (Ed.): Art and culture guide through the district Haßberge. With a foreword by Karlheinz Deschner . 2nd Edition. Haßfurt 2018, ISBN 3-938438-25-8 , pp. 22 .
- ↑ Hans-Peter Trenschel: Johann Joseph Keßler. A master of baroque sculpture . Ed .: City of Bad Königshofen in Grabfeld. Bad Königshofen im Grabfeld 1991, p. 14, 79-80 .
- ↑ Georg Lill and Felix Mader u. a .: District Office Hofheim . In: Kgl. General Conservatory of Art Monuments and Antiquities of Bavaria (ed.): Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kingdom of Bavaria etc. Volume 3 , no. V . Munich 1912, p. 60-62 .
- ↑ Hermann Fischer, Theodor Wohnhaas: Lexicon of South German Organ Builders . In: Richard Schaal (Ed.): Pocket books on musicology . tape 116 . Wilhelmshaven 1994, ISBN 3-7959-0598-2 , p. 166-167, 195-196 .
- ↑ August Amrhein: Realschematismus the diocese Würzburg . Ed .: Episcopal Ordinariate Würzburg. Würzburg 1897, p. 515 .