Harry Bryden

Harry Leonard Bryden (born July 9, 1946 in Providence , Rhode Island ) is an American marine researcher and professor at the University of Southampton . There he has been the first Regius Professor of Ocean Sciences since 2020 , a chair appointed by Queen Elizabeth II as a Regius Professorship in 2016 , which has not yet been filled.

Life

Bryden received his AB in Mathematics after studying at Dartmouth College .

In 1968, Bryden worked as a Summer Student Fellow at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution at the University of Washington . He moved to the US Naval Oceanographic Office in Suitland , Maryland , where he worked as a mathematician from 1969 to 1970. In 1970 he switched back to the US Naval Underwater Sound Laboratory in New London as a mathematician .

From 1970 to 1971 he worked as a research fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and then went back to the Woods Hole Oceanographic in Washington, where he worked until 1975. From 1975 to 1977 he worked at the School of Oceanography at Oregon State University , and then from 1977 to work as a scientist at Woods Hole. He stayed with the research station in various roles until 1993 when he was offered the opportunity to move to the University of Southampton in Great Britain . Britain had he not later than by a visiting professor 1988/89 at Wolfson College of the University of Oxford met. From 2000 on, Bryden taught as professor of oceanography until 2011. In 2011, Bryden retired.

Research interests

Within the various directions of research, Bryden concentrated on the physical observation of the seas. The analysis of the series of measurements helped that the ocean currents found an explanation. At the North Pole, water freezes into sea ice during the polar winter. The remaining water contains the salt that remains after freezing, so that a cold (~ thermo) and very salty (~ haline) amount of water is created. This sinks due to the temperature and the salt concentration and is replaced by surface water flowing in. Bryden contributed significantly to the discovery of this mechanism. The monitoring and more precise measurement of these currents in the Atlantic and Mediterranean continues to be the focus of his attention. At the interface between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, the Strait of Gibraltar, he is interested in the interaction of the water masses of the two seas and the exchange of warm, salty water from the Mediterranean with comparatively cold, low-salt water from the Atlantic. In the Atlantic he has extensively investigated the Gulf Stream and predicts that it will weaken. The ocean currents are also accompanied by the transport of fresh water and not only have a significant impact on the global climate system, the endangerment of which Bryden strongly criticizes.

Honors

2003 Bryden with was Henry Stommel Research Medal of the American Meteorological Society for basic and elegant observational contributions to the understanding of the general circulation of the ocean currents excellent. The appointment as a Fellow of the AMS went hand in hand with the award. In 2005 the Royal Society appointed him a Fellow for the outstanding contributions that Bryden had made through careful observation, analysis and interpretation of data on meridional heat transport in the ocean . These are the ocean currents that connect four of the earth's five oceans and are driven by thermal influences and the concentration of salt. The system is known as thermohaline circulation . In 2009 the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean awarded him the Prince Albert I Medal in recognition of his fundamental contributions to the understanding of the oceans in the global weather system . In 2010 the American Geophysical Union appointed him a Fellow for the same service. In 2013 the Royal Meteorological Society appointed him a Fellow and he was awarded the Fridtjof Nansen Medal by the European Geosciences Union for his longstanding leading role in the understanding of ocean currents and heat transport in the ocean . In 2014, the Challenger Society for Marine Science honored him with the Challenger Medal.

In 2016, on the occasion of her 90th birthday, Queen Elizabeth II donated twelve Regius professorships for chairs, which were rated as outstanding in an application process. One of these chairs was at the Department of Marine Research at the University of Southampton. The university immediately launched an advertisement for a first professor. When after four years still no external candidate had been found, Harry Bryden was appointed first professor.

bibliography

Article (selection)

• M. Alvarez, HL Bryden, FF Perez, AF Rios and G. Roson: Physical and biogeochemical fluxes and net budgets in the subpolar and temperate North Atlantic. In: Journal of Marine Research. Volume 60, No. 2, 2002, pp. 191-226, DOI: 10.1357 / 00222400260497462
• R. Marsh, BA de Cuevas, AC Coward, HL Bryden, and M. Alvarez: Thermohaline circulation at three key sections in the North Atlantic over 1985-2002. In: Geophysical Research Letters. Volume 32, No. 10, 2005, L10604- [4pp], DOI: 10.1029 / 2004GL022281
• DA Smeed, G. McCarthy, SA Cunningham, E. Frajka-Williams, D. Rayner, WE Johns, ... HL Bryden: Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012. In: Ocean Science. Volume 10, No. 1, 2014, pp. 29-38, DOI: 10.5194 / os-10-29-2014
• HL Bryden, BA King, GD McCarthy and EL McDonagh: Impact of a 30% reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning during 2009–2010. In: Ocean Science. Volume 10, No. 4, 2014, pp. 683-691, DOI: 10.5194 / os-10-683-2014
• EL McDonagh, BA King, HL Bryden, P. Courtois, Z. Szuts, M. Baringer, ... G. McCarthy: Continuous estimate of Atlantic oceanic freshwater flux at 26.5 ° N. In: Journal of Climate. Volume 28, No. 22, 2015, pp. 8888-8906, DOI: 10.1175 / JCLI-D-14-00519.1
• DA Smeed, SA Josey, C. Beaulieu, WE Johns, BI Moat, E. Frajka-Williams, ... GD McCarthy: The North Atlantic Ocean is in a state of reduced overturning. In: Geophysical Research Letters. 2018, DOI: 10.1002 / 2017GL076350
• HL Bryden, WE Johns, BA King, G. Mccarthy, EL Mcdonagh, BI Moat and DA Smeed: Reduction in ocean heat transport at 26 ° N since 2008 cools the Eastern Subpolar Gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean. In: Journal of Climate. Volume 33, No. 5, 2020, pp. 1677–1689, DOI: 10.1175 / JCLI-D-19-0323.1

chapter

• HL Bryden and S. Imawaki: Ocean heat transport. In: G. Siedler, J. Church and J. Gould (Eds.): Ocean Circulation and Climate: Observing and Modeling the Global Ocean (= International Geophysics Series; No. 77). Academic Press, San Francisco CA, USA, 2001, pp. 455-474.
• HR Longworth and HL Bryden: Discovery and quantification of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: the importance of 25N. In: A. Schmittner, JCH Chiang and SR Hemming (Eds.): Ocean circulation: mechanisms and impacts - past and future changes of meridional overturning (= AGU Geophysical Monograph; No. 173). American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, USA, 2007, pp. 5-18, DOI: 10.1029 / 173GM03
• H. Bryden, K. Schroeder, M. Borghini, A. Vetrano, and S. Sparnocchia: Mixing in the Deep Waters of the Western Mediterranean. In: The Mediterranean Sea: Temporal Variability and Spatial Patterns (AGU Geophysical Monograph Series). John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, GB, 2014, pp. 49-56, DOI: 10.1002 / 9781118847572.ch4
• HL Bryden and LA Mysak: Ocean circulation: knowns and unknowns. In: T. Beer, J. Li and K. Alverson (Eds.): Global Change and Future Earth Cambridge. Cambridge University Press (in press).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r} Professor Harry Bryden AB, PhD. In: University of Southampton website. Retrieved June 8, 2020 .  
2. ^ HL Bryden, HR Longworth and SA Cunningham: Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25 degrees N. In: Nature . Volume 438, No. 7068, 2005, pp. 655-657.
3. ^ Liz Ford: New Royal Society fellows elected. In: The Guardian's website. Guardian News & Media Limited, May 27, 2005, accessed June 8, 2020 .  
4. ↑ unknown: The Prince Albert I Medal. Prince Albert I Medal recipient 2009: Prof. Harry L. Bryden. In: Website of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans. IAPSO, September 8, 2019, accessed June 8, 2020 .