Office had

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The office of Hatten (also: Hattgau ) in northern Alsace was an office of the Lichtenberg rule , later the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg , from which it passed to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . It was characterized by a special internal constitutional structure , which it was able to largely preserve against its sovereigns until the end of the Holy Roman Empire .

Coat of arms of the Lichtenberg rule
Coat of arms of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg since 1606
Coat of arms of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt

Constitution

The Hattgau traditionally had a number of rights, "special freedoms", which raised the area from the rest of the rulership:

In Hatten there was still a high court , the regional court - with a congruent judicial district - was in Betschdorf . The imperial school authorities of the neighboring imperial city of Hagenau watched over this jurisdiction conferred by the empire .

history

Lichtenberger

This liberal constitution already existed at the time when the Hattgau became comprehensible in written sources: In 1332 the Lords of Lichtenberg bought the area from the Counts of Ötingen , then landgraves in Alsace . Due to the constitutional peculiarities, the Hattgau formed its own office within the Lichtenberg rule .

In 1440 one of the disputes between Jakob von Lichtenberg and his brother, Ludwig V. von Lichtenberg (* 1417, † 1474), was attempted to end by dividing the rule. Ludwig V.

Anna von Lichtenberg (* 1442; † 1474), one of Ludwig V's two heirs, married Count Philip I the Elder of Hanau-Babenhausen (* 1417; † 1480) in 1458, who had a small secondary school from the County of Hanau had received in order to be able to marry her. The county of Hanau-Lichtenberg came into being through the marriage. After the death of the last Lichtenberger, Count Jakob, one of Anna's uncle, Philip I d. Ä. In 1480 half of the Lichtenberg rule , including the Hatten office.

Hanau-Lichtenberg: Hattgau special rights and territorialization

In the process of territorialization of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg, the farmers and their special rights of the authorities were a constant thorn in the side. The ongoing conflict ran through the 16th and 17th centuries. It began on a large scale when Count Philip III. von Hanau-Lichtenberg won the peasant war against the rebellious peasants in 1525. But that was of no use to him: The Hattgau farmers defended their rights in a large number of trials before the Reich Chamber of Commerce , which stood before the farmers and their historical rights and resisted the sovereign. At least 25 trials before the Reich Chamber of Commerce between 1526 and 1656 can still be proven, and at least 10 final judgments have been issued. Ultimately, every official order had to withstand a review by the Hattgau jury. Alderman in this court were leading peasants in the district. And the Hattgauer's oath of homage contained a formula that was much less restrictive of subjects' rights than in the rest of the county. So were missing z. B. the restrictions on free movement out of the area.

The authorities were foaming, as reflected in the Alsatian Chronicle by Bernhard Hertzog , a leading Hanau-Lichtenberg official who wrote to the farmers in Hattgau:

“ The Hettgaw has his particularly recalcitrant dueckischen builders, which are especially used in the district, who do not give due respect to those of Hanaw; she is subject to special freedoms, some of which she has little authority to maintain stiff necked white; the upper level has a lot to do with them, be effeminate and fearful where they can . "

Due to France's reunification policy , the parts of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Alsace fell under French sovereignty around 1680 . This also included the Hatten office.

Hessen-Darmstadt

1736 died with Count Johann Reinhard III. the last male representative of the Hanau family. Due to the marriage of his only daughter, Charlotte (* 1700; † 1726), with the Hereditary Prince Ludwig (VIII.) (* 1691; † 1768) of Hesse-Darmstadt , the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg fell there. As a result of the French Revolution , the left bank of the Hanau-Lichtenberg county - and with it the Amt of Hatten - fell to France. In the course of the revolutionary restructuring of the administration, this also dissolved the old official administration.

According to a census from May 1798, the office had 5,546 inhabitants.

structure

Associated villages

place origin Law annotation
Buhl (Buhl) Not until 1720 to Hanau-Lichtenberg, before that to the former Fleckenstein office of Rödern.
Had (village) Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Reichslehen The local farmers saw themselves as free farmers. So they had no need to be granted urban freedoms, they were already free. That is why Hatten - in contrast to other larger towns in the Lichtenberg rulership - was never granted city rights.
Castle Hatten 1354? Erected by the Lichtenbergers Electoral Palatinate fief The castle was an applied fiefdom to and from the Electoral Palatinate.
Hohwiller (Hohweiler) Only in the 18th century at Hanau-Lichtenberg, before that to the former Fleckenstein office of Sulz u. W.
Kühlendorf (Kuhlendorf) Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Reichslehen
Leiterswiller (Leutersweiler, Leitersweiler) Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Reichslehen
Niederbetschdorf Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Reichslehen
Oberbetschdorf Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Reichslehen
Reimerswiller (Reimersweiler) Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Reichslehen
Rittershofen Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Reichslehen
Schwabwiller (Schwabweiler) Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Fief of the Bishop of Metz or imperial fief
Westhofen (Westheim) Bought by the landgraves in Alsace in 1332 Reichslehen Hof, to Hatten, deserted village

Further stock

The Hatten office also included numerous mills and individual farms: Altmühle (later: Brandmühle), Neumühle (near Niederbetschdorf or Brühl), Niederrödererhof, Rentershofen (desert), Hattener Rothmühle, Sandmühle (Niederbetschdorf), Schwabweilermühle and Steinmühle (Oberbetschdorf).

literature

  • Fritz Eyer: The territory of the Lords of Lichtenberg 1202-1480. Investigations into the property, the rule and the politics of domestic power of a noble family from the Upper Rhine . In: Writings of the Erwin von Steinbach Foundation . 2nd edition, unchanged in the text, by an introduction extended reprint of the Strasbourg edition, Rhenus-Verlag, 1938. Volume 10 . Pfaehler, Bad Neustadt an der Saale 1985, ISBN 3-922923-31-3 (268 pages).
  • Friedrich Knöpp: Territorial holdings of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Hesse-Darmstadt . [typewritten] Darmstadt 1962. [Available in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , signature: N 282/6].
  • Alfred Matt: Bailliages, prévôté et fiefs ayant fait partie de la Seigneurie de Lichtenberg, du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg, du Landgraviat de Hesse-Darmstadt . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (eds.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 7-9.
  • Peter Karl Weber: Lichtenberg. Alsatian domination on the way to becoming a territorial state. Social costs of political innovation . Heidelberg 1993.

Remarks

  1. ↑ 1/3 of this was given to the Lords of Hohenburg as a fief (Eyer, p, 195).
  2. ↑ 1/3 of this was given to the Lords of Fleckenstein (Eyer, S, 190f.) And a further third to the Lords of Hohenburg as a fief (Eyer, S, 195).
  3. ↑ The other half went to his brother-in-law, Simon IV. Wecker von Zweibrücken-Bitsch .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Weber, pp. 245f.
  2. ↑ Eyer, p. 240.
  3. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  4. ↑ Eyer, p. 133.
  5. ↑ Eyer, p. 99.
  6. ^ Weber, p. 272.
  7. ^ Weber, p. 247.
  8. ^ Weber, p. 248.
  9. ↑ Bernhard Hertzog: Chronicon Alsatiae vol. 3. Schlettstadt a. Hagenau 1592, p. 26, quoted from Weber, p. 245.
  10. ^ Matt, p. 7.
  11. ↑ Matt: Bailliages .
  12. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  13. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  14. ↑ Knöpp, p. 6, Eyer, p. 167.
  15. ↑ Eyer, p. 237.
  16. ↑ Eyer, p. 167.
  17. ↑ Knöpp, p. 6.
  18. ↑ Eyer, p. 167.
  19. ↑ Matt: Bailliages .
  20. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  21. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  22. ↑ Eyer, pp. 128, 132.
  23. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  24. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  25. ↑ Eyer, pp. 128, 132.
  26. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  27. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  28. ↑ Eyer, pp. 128, 132.
  29. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  30. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  31. ↑ Eyer, pp. 128, 132.
  32. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  33. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  34. ↑ Eyer, pp. 128, 132.
  35. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  36. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  37. ↑ Eyer, pp. 128, 132.
  38. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  39. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  40. ↑ Knöpp, p. 6.
  41. ^ So: Eyer, pp. 128, 132.
  42. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
  43. ↑ Eyer, p. 61.
  44. ↑ Eyer, pp. 128, 132.
  45. ↑ Knöpp, p. 6.
  46. ↑ Knöpp, p. 6.