Main street (Berlin-Alt-Hohenschönhausen)
| Main road | |
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| Main street seen from the west | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | Berlin-Alt-Hohenschönhausen |
| Created | in the 13th century |
| Hist. Names | Village street |
| Connecting roads | Suermondtstrasse (West) |
| Cross streets | Seefelder Strasse / Konrad-Wolf-Strasse / Große-Leege-Strasse, Rhinstrasse / Wartenberger Strasse |
| Buildings | Development |
| use | |
| User groups | Road traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 730 meters |
The main street is the oldest street in the Berlin district in Alt-Hohenschönhausen in the Lichtenberg district . It reflects the history of the district from the Middle Ages to the present and thus offers an overview of the changes over the centuries. Then as now, the main street is one of the most used streets in Alt-Hohenschönhausen.
course
The main street is in the north of the district. It begins at the intersection with Seefelder Strasse and Konrad-Wolf-Strasse emerging from Suermondtstrasse and heads east. In its course it passes the village center of Hohenschönhausen. After the intersection with Rhinstrasse and Wartenberger Strasse, after a right-hand bend, it runs a short distance southwards and finally ends as a dead end at the intersection of Rhinstrasse and Gärtnerstrasse and Marzahner Strasse.
history
The development of the main street, at that time still called Dorfstraße , took place at the same time as that of Hohenschönhausen, around the year 1230. Until today, hardly anything has changed in its course, only the development has changed over the centuries. The oldest building after the village church is the manor house, also known as the castle, the time of which is dated to the year 1792. The street was given its current name around 1900. The reason for this was the rapid development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which prompted the community officials to renounce the village character - and thus also the village street .
Until 1983, the street with its numerous houses, most of which were from the 19th century, gave the impression of a small Brandenburg village . As a result of the SED's housing program, however, the first buildings gave way. The reason was not so much that prefabricated buildings were to be built in their place, but rather the expansion of Hauptstrasse, Rhinstrasse and Wartenberger Strasse to four to six lanes. For the tram , which has been connecting Hohenschönhausen with Berlin since 1899, a spacious stop was built at about mid-height. Earlier plans were to lead the route into a parallel street. However, the expansion also meant that there were narrower or, in some places, no footpaths at all. The eastern part of the main street behind the corner of Rhinstraße was cut off from through traffic and is hardly noticed today.
In the 1990s, the idea of converting the main street into a pedestrian zone came up from various sides. The tram should continue to use its traditional route , while private transport should switch to Gärtnerstraße. However, since this would have had to be expanded to more than twice the existing width, the plans were dropped for this reason, among other things.
Development
Principles
The development along the main street is almost identical to that of the historic Hohenschönhauser village center. The village church and the former Hohenschönhausen manor house, for example, are located here. In addition, various small businesses such as blacksmiths and butchers existed until the 1970s. Farms have also been part of the appearance of the street up to now. Since the 1970s and 1980s, however, a number of new buildings have also shaped the picture, for example two high-rise buildings are in the immediate vicinity of the church , and there is also a shopping center opposite the manor house. According to the Berlin monument database, the entire village center of Hohenschönhausen with the house numbers Hauptstrasse 12, 42–44, 45–48 is under monument protection in the 21st century.
Tabor Church
The Taborkirche is the oldest building in the district. Various sources state that the year of construction was 1230; however, the specialist literature (Pomplun, Cante and Friske) consistently places them in the late 13th century. It was built almost 100 years before Hohenschönhausen was first mentioned in a document in 1352 and 1356. The village was probably founded around 1230, but it is very likely that it initially had a wooden church - as is common in the Brandenburg villages.
The Taborkirche is a stone church, its original name was only the village church , it was only later that it got its current name. The building received a nave around 1450 and a half-timbered tower around 1470 , which was rebuilt at least once a century. The first renovation took place in 1615 in the form of a completely new building; around 100 years later, the original pointed roof was removed and a baroque hood was put on. In 1714 this tower was also given a weather vane . On the east side of the nave there are four plastering boards on which the years 1738, 1801, 1905 and 1924 are noted, during which further renovations took place. In 1953 the church tower had to be removed because the half-timbering inside was completely rotten. Financially, a new building would not have been problematic at the time, but the necessary material was missing. Reconstruction is out of the question, as materials are now available but no financial means are available.
The Marien altar of the church was moved here from the Wartenberg village church in 1924 ; it dates from around 1450. The original altar group with the image of the Virgin Mary came to the Nikolaikirche in Berlin around the same year , today it can be viewed in the Märkisches Museum .
Village school
The former village school is located on Hauptstrasse 43, exactly between the Taborkirche and the castle. As early as 1810, the village had a village school, which, as was customary at the time, was built in the immediate vicinity of the village church. In this case the first school building was located southeast of the church in the churchyard. In 1825 this was replaced by an adobe building on Dorfstrasse (today's main street). In addition to the necessary classrooms, the new building also had an apartment for the teacher and sexton . The building was expanded again in 1848 and finally demolished in 1889 due to dilapidation.
In the same year the school community began building another new village school. In addition to four classrooms, this building also housed two apartments for married and single teachers as well as a toilet and stable building. The building is an exposed brick building . The cost of the construction amounted to around 34,000 gold marks .
Since the community was growing rapidly, another building was needed shortly after the turn of the 20th century. In 1905/1906, another school building was built at Freienwalder Straße 6, but it soon turned out to be completely inadequate. Thereupon Paul Koenig , the head of the community at that time of Hohenschönhausen, arranged for the construction of a new and, above all, larger school building. The building on Roedernstrasse was a double school for boys and girls. At the same time as the opening of this new school building, which is still in use today, the other two schools were closed.
One year after the closure, the former village school began to be used as a youth home . In the 1920s, this was the office of the local police . At the beginning of the 1930s, the building was once again used as a school for a short time. After the original restoration of the classrooms, only one was used as such in 1944. In the others a food card was set up for residents as well as members of the Wehrmacht and the Hitler Youth .
After the Second World War, the building remained in its original function as a school until the 1970s. Until then it was operated as the 14th elementary school in Weißensee. In 1973, during the 10th World Youth Festival in Berlin, the house also served as accommodation. Towards the end of the decade, the site of the construction management for the new development area Hohenschönhausen II was also located here . In 1983 a youth club and the Anne Frank library moved into the house, the former remained in existence until 1990, the library was closed in 2002. The listed building has been empty since then.
Hohenschönhausen Castle
The manor house on Hauptstrasse 44, known as "Schloss Hohenschönhausen", is not a castle in the literal sense of the word. It is very likely that it dates back to the 17th century, at that time probably still single-storey. The house has been two-story since 1792 at the latest and since then has had a system of continuous groin vaults on the ground floor .
The von Röbel noble family resided here until 1736, after which the building continued to serve as a residence for the respective landlords. After the estate and community were merged in 1911, Paul Schmidt , who invented the flashlight and the dry battery , lived in the castle in the 1920s . Schmidt finally sold the building to the city of Berlin in 1929 , which then initially used it as a daycare center, crèche, kindergarten and household school. During the Second World War, the local air defense center was housed here. After the surrender, the administration converted the castle into a hospital , initially for tuberculosis treatment until 1956 and later for venereal diseases . From 1957 the castle was converted into a maternity hospital. In the early 1970s it was only used as a women's clinic.
The building has been empty since 1990. An announced restoration should actually start in 1993. Originally, it was planned to accommodate the local history museum for the Hohenschönhausen district here , which was no longer feasible after the district reform in 2001, as there should only be one local history museum for the entire district. (The independence as a district was given up.) So that the building does not fall victim to the ravages of time, the Friends of Hohenschönhausen Castle was established, which is trying to restore it under the motto "Stones for the Castle - I am there". The first work on this could begin in 2005. The plans for the Hohenschönhausen Citizens ' Castle, as it is now called, provide for a gastronomic area with a beer garden on the ground floor and the use of additional rooms for cultural events.
Storchenhof
Storchenhof is a popular name for the area along the main street, nowadays a shopping center is adorned with this name.
The name goes back to a restaurant on Hauptstrasse 8/9, the original name was "Gasthaus zum Alten Krug" when it opened in 1891 (the "Neue Krug" was located at the "White Dove"), later it was changed to "Zum Storchnest "renamed. The reason was as simple as its name itself: every year storks nested on the roof of the bar . Ferdinand Schultze, who owned the inn, expanded it further in the following years, including a bar hall, a music hall and a standing beer hall by 1914. For 1926, Schultze also planned the conversion into a cinema theater, but had to abandon these plans.
In addition to its actual function as an inn and dance hall for 237 people, the hall could also be converted for political events with up to 350 invited guests. KPD and NSDAP members in particular met regularly in the pub after 1930, and Joseph Goebbels also gave speeches here. In addition to the political meetings, the Hohenschönhauser men's choir "Eintracht" also met in the stork's nest.
In 1941 the restaurant was converted into a storage room for aircraft parts for Argus-Werke Reinickendorf . In the further course of the Second World War, the house was hit and burned out.
In the post-war period, a new building was built on the former property as a club restaurant, also called “Zum Storchnest”, but also a school. After the fall of the Wall , the tavern began to be demolished in the mid-1990s and a new shopping center was built, which was named “Storchenhof”; over the decades this phonetic conversion took place. The school on property number 8 was demolished in 2005; the site is gradually being converted into a new district park.
Old Town Hall
The former town hall of the rural community of Hohenschönhausen is at Hauptstraße 50, directly opposite the intersection with Konrad-Wolf-Straße. The building was constructed in 1909 and served as both a town hall and a residential building.
The offices of the community council , the conference room and the police station were on the ground floor . One floor up is the apartment of was community leader . There were and still are apartments on the second floor and in the attic.
With the formation of the independent Hohenschönhausen district, the administration moved to a simple, prefabricated building at 103 Große-Leege-Straße.
traffic
On the expanded section between Konrad-Wolf-Straße and Rhinstraße, the main street is used by the tram lines M5 and 27 as well as the bus lines 256 and 294. The tram line was built in 1899 as part of the Berlin – Hohenschönhausen tram up to the main road and in 1913 it was extended further to the northeast.
The only stop, Hauptstraße / Rhinstraße, is in the middle of the street . This was extensively renovated together with the entire tram route in 2003. The discussed option of building a combined bus and tram stop was not carried out, as the already narrow platforms would have been even smaller.
Web links
- Main road. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
literature
- Anke Huschner: History of the Berlin administrative districts. Volume 15: Hohenschönhausen. Stapp, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 .
- Bärbel Ruben: Hohenschönhausen as it used to be. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1999, ISBN 3-86134-532-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monument ensemble Hauptstraße 12, 42–44, 45–48, village center Hohenschönhausen
- ↑ Homepage Hohenschönhausen Castle
Coordinates: 52 ° 32 ′ 56 ″ N , 13 ° 30 ′ 16 ″ E
