House make-up

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Schminke House (south view, house entrance)
Garden view (north side)

The Schminke house , a factory owner's house in Löbau in Upper Lusatia built between 1932 and 1933 by the architect Hans Scharoun (1893–1972) , is considered one of the most important German architectural creations of the interwar period .

Client and architect

The building was created after Scharoun's intensive examination of the ideas and needs of the client couple Fritz and Charlotte Schminke , who were well acquainted with contemporary building ideas. After visiting the Werkbundsiedlung in Breslau in 1929, they approached Scharoun, who had built a dormitory for single people there, which was defined by curved lines and open spatial structures. The property is located directly next to the Anker pasta factory ( Loeser & Richter ) from Schminke on the Kirschallee 1b property. One day the Löbauer City Museum and City Archives will move into quarters in the Anker factory.

Scharoun is considered a representative of organic architecture . He repeatedly referred to Hugo Häring's theories . The Schminke house therefore takes a counter-position to those other directions within the New Building , which dogmatically adhered to perpendicularity and cubic forms. Rather, Scharoun created individual shapes depending on the function. Its importance in Scharoun's life's work is not inferior to his later buildings, such as the Berlin State Library (Haus Potsdamer Strasse) and the Berlin Philharmonic .

In terms of quality, the Schminke House is on a par with the following residential buildings of this era: the Villa Tugendhat by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , the Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier or the House Fallingwater (Kaufmann Residence) by Frank Lloyd Wright .

  • Historical recordings

  • Viewing window in the living room, 1933
    Photos: Alice Kerling in: Interior decoration .

  • Parents bedroom, 1933

  • North and garden side, 1933
    Photo: Alice Kerling (in the pond from)

The construction

The core structure is a slender, east-west facing beam in a steel frame construction . On the ground floor there is a spacious, light-flooded living area and on the upper floor are the rather simply designed bedrooms of the family. "Compared to the ground floor, it [the upper floor] looks downright spartan ." From the entrance at the eastern end of the building, a closely interlinked sequence of rooms develops: driveway with a suspended roof, vestibule, and, openly merging, the staircase with a playground and lounge area for the children and a dining area, both in close proximity to the housewife's utility rooms. The fitted kitchen is a model of the space-saving Frankfurt kitchen by Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky .

The living and social space, once again increased in its transparency, also opens up to the winter garden and the small park. An external steel staircase connects the cantilevered balconies on both floors, which allude to the appearance of sun decks on " luxury steamers ". The colorful porthole windows on the ground floor and the children's rooms as “barren” berths are also reminiscent of a ship, so that the house has been nicknamed the “noodle steamer” to this day. The reference to elements and design language from shipping is a recurring motif also in later buildings by the architect who grew up in Bremerhaven . Because of the factory site in the south, the garden with its view of the formerly open landscape is oriented to the north. It was designed by the landscape architect Herta Hammerbacher , the then wife of the landscape architect Hermann Mattern . The two garden ponds that were filled in in the 1950s were exposed again in 2006. There were lights and the fireplace again.


  • Steel girders as an entrance roof with recessed ceiling lights

  • Pond, garden and behind the house make up the chimney of the anchor factory

  • Coffee for the Open Monument Day , 2012

The later history of the house

In 1939 Fritz Schminke was called up for military service. Like many others, the Schminke family fled Löbau from the approaching war front in May 1945. When she returned to Löbau, her house was confiscated by the Red Army and served as a temporary military command for what was then the Löbau district. During this time, a Red Army soldier secretly took personal mail from the Schminke family to Russia. In 2010, his granddaughter decided to return the cards and letters to the Schminke family.

In July 1946 the house was returned to its owners, but at the same time they were expropriated by their company Loeser & Richter. Schminkes were considered "war criminals" because their noodles were also delivered to the German armed forces. From 1946 on, Charlotte Schminke ran a rest home for children in her former home for four years. In 1951 the Schminke family left the town of Löbau and moved to Celle .

They rented the house to the FDJ as a clubhouse through the city of Löbau . In the summer of 1952, the East Berlin “Ordinance on Securing Assets” expropriated the make-up living in the Federal Republic of Germany from their property ( see: Open Property Issues ). From December 1963 it served as the "Oswald Richter" pioneer house . The city of Löbau has been running a leisure center in the building since the summer of 1990. In 1993 the daughters of the Schminke couple, Gertraude Bleks, Erika Inderbiethen and Helga Zumpfe, decided not to transfer the house back on condition that it would continue to be used by the public. The city of Löbau thus became the owner of the house and handed over the responsibility to an association.

The Wüstenrot Foundation financed half of DM 2.8 million from 1999 to 2000 for the renovation and repair of the building. The flat roof had not become airtight, moisture settled in the basement and the steel components were severely damaged by rust in the terrace area. The original plaster was extensively cleaned and repaired.

From February 2006 it was operated independently by the city, which brought it into the "Foundation Haus Schminke" founded on May 24, 2007. The foundation was established together with Hess AG from Villingen-Schwenningen and recognized as having legal capacity by the Dresden regional office in May 2009 .

Today the house is open to the public again and is shown to visitors in guided tours. As the leading building of the modern age , the house is the destination of numerous tourists. Since 2017, the musical series Privatkonzert has been produced in the house by Deutsche Welle and MDR television .

Another renovation was necessary in 2018 and a. carried out with the help of the federal government (50%), the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (25%) and the German Foundation for Monument Protection . The old bitumen roof covering had become porous again. In addition, cracks appeared on the south facade, as Scharoun had refrained from incorporating expansion joints into the facade for aesthetic reasons .

Some of the original objects were able to be returned to their place of origin by Schminke's daughters, including the mother's marriage bed, the bedroom sofa and a secretary. In addition to guided tours in the house and in the pasta factory, the villa can now (2020) also be booked for conferences, celebrations and overnight stays.

Statement by the preservation authorities

The Schminke house is listed in the Saxon list of monuments as a "manufacturer's villa with partly original furnishings" and is described there as follows:

“The house, one of the main works of the architect Hans Scharoun (1893–1972), is an example of“ organic building ”and an incunable of classical modernism. (...) [Due to the use in GDR times] the historical substance was mainly preserved, but the damage to the roofs and facades was serious in the end. During the careful restoration of the house and garden between 1999 and 2000, the formative original components of the steel frame building were completely preserved and meticulously restored, in particular the exterior plaster from the construction period, the steel windows, railings and exterior doors as well as the remains of the original interior, which despite all the losses, were significant Wall-mounted furniture, all interior doors, various floor coverings, the window sills and the light ceiling of the winter garden. The former work of art could not be regained as a whole. Today the interiors lack the special articulation due to the differently colored and structured wallpapers that were lost after 1945. Even the large living room cannot fully convey the former design intent without the architecturally conceived furniture (free-standing fireplace, large sofa, wall shelf). "

- State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony 

Movies

  • Built with light. A "ship of life" by Hans Scharoun. Documentary, Germany, 2012, 26 min., Script and direction: Niels-Christian Bolbrinker, Kerstin Stutterheim , production: NDR , arte , first broadcast: October 21, 2012 on arte, synopsis by ARD , online video, excerpt , 18:39 Min.
  • The dream ship of Upper Lusatia - Haus Schminke in Löbau. Documentary, Germany, 2019, 44:10 min., Script and director: Steffen Jindra, production: MDR , series: Der Osten - Discover where you live , first broadcast: September 3, 2019 on MDR television , synopsis by MDR, online video available until September 2, 2020.

literature

- chronological -

Web links

Commons : Haus Schminke  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

photos

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Julia Greipl: Refurbished: The Schminke house in Löbau. Family-friendly icon of the new building. In: Monuments Online , October 2019.
  2. ↑ In the documentary: Built with light - A ship of life by Hans Scharoun. An excerpt , from 4:03 min. To 5:15 min.
  3. ↑ Hans Scharoun's single home in Breslau. In: bauhandwerk , 2017, No. 1–2, ISSN  0173-5365 , with photo series.
  4. ↑ Markus van Appeldorn: What should become of the pasta factory. ( Memento from May 23, 2020 in the Internet Archive ) In: Sächsische.de , September 8, 2019, with photo series.
  5. ^ Richard Reid: Architectural Style. Seemann-Verlag, Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-86502-042-0 , p. 352.
  6. ↑ a b c architecture. In: Foundation Haus Schminke.
  7. ↑ a b Schminke Löbau House. In: so- geht-saechsisch.de  / Sächsische Staatskanzlei , accessed on May 23, 2020, with photo series.
  8. ^ Haus Schminke. In: European Route of Industrial Culture ( ERIH ).
  9. ↑ Biographical notes on Alice Kerling in: Klaus Kürvers : Decryption of an image. The Landhaus Schminke by Hans Scharoun. Berlin, 1995, p. 1.3, footnote 6, (PDF; 37.43 MB).
  10. ↑ a b c d KS: Schminke House, Löbau. Hans Scharoun, 1930. In: bauhaus100.de , 2015, accessed on May 24, 2020.
  11. ↑ Return of postcards from family ownership after more than sixty years. ( Memento from December 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: German Consulate General Saint Petersburg , October 2010.
  12. ^ A b Mathias Menzel: The pullover summer delayed the renovation. In: Sächsische.de , August 5, 2000.
  13. ^ Haus Schminke in Löbau. In: Wüstenrot Foundation , accessed on May 23, 2020.
  14. ↑ Home visit to Stephanie Stumph and Wigald Boning. In: Deutsche Welle .
  15. ^ Villa Schminke - Löbau, Saxony. In: German Foundation for Monument Protection , undated
  16. ↑ Constanze Junghanss: Haus Schminke should glitter again like a sugar cube. In: Sächsische.de , July 17, 2018.
  17. ^ Monument document: Schminke House. In: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony , undated

Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 1.4 ″  N , 14 ° 39 ′ 33.9 ″  E