Sanatorium Pützchen
The Pützchen sanatorium was an "insane asylum" in Pützchen near Bonn , a district of the Beuel district, that existed from 1866 to 1920 . It was located at the level of today's Pützchens Chaussee in the building of the former monastery of the Discalced Carmelites (1688–1804) on Karmeliterstraße and other houses that were gradually built in the spacious park behind it, which was attached to the St. Adelheid parish church .
Today, on the site of the former Pützchen sanatorium, there is a residential complex built in 1998, the site of the Sacre Cœur Order with the Sankt-Adelheid-Gymnasium , which he founded in 1920 , a kindergarten, a modern chapel and some commercial buildings.
history
Carmelite monastery in Pützchen
In 1688, Father Florentius, General Commissioner of the Lower Rhine Province of the Carmelites , arranged for his order to be given the place of pilgrimage at the Adelheidis Fountain. At the beginning of the 18th century, he established a convent of twelve priests and four lay brothers and built the monastery in 1706 . And in order to cope with the growing number of pilgrims, it was decided in 1724 to build a church. In 1760 the pilgrimage church of St. Adelheid am Pützchen was inaugurated.
During the Franco-Prussian War , the monastery buildings served the imperial army as a hospital in the 1790s . In 1803, with the secularization , the Carmelites had to leave the monastery and the Prussian state took over the property. The entrepreneur Leopold Bleibtreu († 1839), who had gotten rich from alum production, used the building as a home in the meantime.
"Detention center for depraved women"
In 1844 the Prussian state bought back the area of the abbey and in 1847 built a “detention center for depraved women”, a correctional facility for prostitutes , in the house with the large park attached to the church of St. Adelheid von Pützchen . The entire area of the former monastery was walled. The first head of the institution was Hermann Larenz. After the occupancy numbers, since 1850 (the year of the strongest occupancy with 104 to be detained), the Prussian Interior Minister Count Maximilian von Schwerin dissolved the "Arbeitsanstalt Pützchen", which had been renamed since 1851, in October 1863.
"Asylum for the mentally ill" - "private insane asylum"
On July 20, 1866, Leopold Besser (1820–1906), a doctor from Leipzig who had previously worked in an asylum in Siegburg, rented the “Asylum for the Insane ” in the rooms of the former Carmelite monastery. On September 1, 1866, the “private insane asylum”, intended for middle class circles, was opened. The institution should be an alternative to the public institutions, as well as to those of the "higher classes". The initially 30 to 40 patients were mainly nursing cases, as the institution did not have any facilities to be regarded as a sanatorium in the sense of the time. “At the height of his illness, the insane belongs to the doctor, not to the church, not to the applicable law and not to social custom.” (Quotes: after founder Leopold Besser by psychotherapist Jutta Beckerle). The institution developed well, as the patient numbers showed. In 1873 the buildings that had been rented up until then were sold to the medic Besser. In 1887 a kettle exploded in the kitchen and the fire burned down the institution building (former monastery building), the village church and all adjoining buildings to the ground. The patients could be brought to safety unharmed. The destroyed buildings were rebuilt. In 1888 the new building of the institution could be opened, in December 1890 the church was rededicated.
"Dr. Gudden's sanatorium for the mentally and mentally ill "
In 1890/1891 Leopold Besser sold the property to the neurologist and medical adviser Clemens Gudden (1861–1931). His father was the neurologist Bernhard Aloys von Gudden , who drowned in Lake Starnberg in 1886 with King Ludwig II of Bavaria . Gudden expanded and rebuilt the institution according to the principles that were modern at the time. He had a number of individual villas built, which were appropriately furnished. The “Asylum for the mentally ill Pützchen” was renamed “Dr. Gudden'sche Heilanstalt for Nervous and Mental Illnesses ”in Pützchen opposite Bonn on the Rhine. Increasingly, patients with mild mental and psychoneurotic illnesses were now visiting the institution. There were closed wards for men and women and separate open wards for the sick who did not require supervision. The department for restless and unsocial patients, with a special garden area, was secluded and separate. The physician Walter Benning (1880–1962), from 1910 head of the sanatorium for the mentally and mentally ill in Bremen-Oberneuland , acquired the knowledge necessary for such an enterprise in Pützchen. A well-known patient was the painter Wilhelm Sohn , who died in the Pützchen sanatorium in 1899. In 1904 Gudden ceded the sanatorium to his colleague Alfred Peipers.
Peiper's insane asylum
Alfred Peipers commissioned the architect Bruno Paul in 1911 to expand the park with various coordinated buildings. There, sick people should have the opportunity to recover in a pleasant environment and the management attached particular importance to individual treatments. In addition to mentally and psychoneurotically ill people, alcohol and morphine sufferers were also admitted. Psychotherapy went hand in hand with nutrition therapy, massages, mast cures, hydro-, electrical-, occupational therapy and drug treatment.
In the extensive park, behind a large wrought-iron gate with a porter's house, the building complex built by Bruno Paul with the main building (doctor's house), a cubic structure with pillars, a pavilion (Aloysiushaus) and a small castle lay across the width. At the beginning of the 20th century, institutions for the mad and confused were often referred to as Alois Alzheimer . The short journey led through an avenue of lime trees to a round lawn. The honor gate in the middle of the doctor's house was in a porch with a balcony. The normal entrance was the front door to the pavilion. The castle was in the background. The entire complex was connected by a corridor system, a covered lobby with columns.
In 1920 the institution was sold to the nuns of the Sacre Cœur Order , who founded a monastery ( Herz-Jesu-Kloster St. Adelheid ) and a school there. A renovation took place around 1924, during the Second World War in 1940 and 1945 there was partial destruction and further renovations, an expansion took place after 1945.
In 1926, the Sacre Cœur Order again sold the old part of the monastery to the Discalced Carmelites (since then a wall divides the area), who returned to the old building of the monastery after the Second World War. The old monastery and the entire site were sold in 1998 and converted into a residential complex.
See also
literature
- Otto Mönkemöller: correctional institution and country poor house. A sociological contribution to the criminality and psychopathology of women. JA Barth, Leipzig 1908. Digitized
Web links
- Sanatorium Pützchen, photo (1912/1920) Commercial yard with car depot , in the German Digital Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b School history: The detention institution for dissolute prostitutes in Pützchen ( memento of the original from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , at sag-bonn.de, accessed on March 21, 2016.
- ↑ Carmel Monastery V .: Living together; Location and building
- ↑ Die Karmeliterstraße , Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Beuel am Rhein , accessed on March 21, 2016.
- ↑ Detention was a security measure in the form of corrective detention .
- ↑ Deliveries and services for the detention center (work establishment), with invoices, Volume 3
- ↑ German biography: Leopold Besser, Mediziner, (* May 11, 1820 Altenburg (Thuringia); † February 14, 1906 Bonn)
- ↑ Former asylum for the mentally ill in Pützchen: monastery, prison and sanatorium. On General-Anzeiger (Bonn) , accessed on March 21, 2016.
- ^ Bernhard Aloys von Gudden (1824-1886), psychiatrist
- ↑ Pützchen Sanatorium. Dr. Gudden'sche Heilanstalt for the mentally and mentally ill in Pützchen '', German sanatoriums and nursing homes for the mentally ill in words and pictures; Vol. 1, Carl Marhold Verlagbuchhandlung, Halle, 1910, pp. 635ff.
- ↑ Das Sanatorium, p. 15 , in AMEOS Clinic Dr. Heine's anniversary brochure, 2014. PDF
- ^ Max Creutz : The sanatorium Pützchen near Bonn. In: Decorative Art XVI, 1913
- ↑ Internet presence of the Sankt-Adelheid-Gymnasium
- ↑ Sanatorium Pützchen, Bonn-Beuel, Pützchen Chaussee 133-135, service yard with car depot, architecture from 1911/1912, conversion: around 1924, partial destruction: 1940/1945, conversion & expansion: after 1945 at picture index .
