Heinrich Schütte
Heinrich Schütte (born December 28, 1863 in Oldenbrok , † December 10, 1939 in Oldenburg ) was a German teacher and local researcher who is considered a pioneer of marshland research on the North Sea .
Life
Origin and professional career
Schütte was the son of a teacher and grew up in Mundahn near Eckwarden from 1865 until his father's death in 1871 , then with his uncle, who was a teacher in Javenloch (Friedrich Augusten Groden, Harlebucht ) and aroused his interest in science. From 1878 to 1882 he attended the teachers' college in Oldenburg . He then worked as a teacher in Astede , Eckwarden, Hartwarden , Brake and Elsfleth .
After studying English , French and Latin , Schütte passed the examination as a high school teacher in Bremen . He then consolidated his language skills during a study visit to Leith and took up a teaching position at the boys' primary school in Bremerhaven at Easter 1899 . From 1901 he was employed as a teacher at the Oberrealschule again in Oldenburg, where from 1910 he became the rector of the middle school for boys. In 1924 he took early retirement and devoted himself entirely to research. He died in 1939 as a result of a traffic accident and was buried in the New Cemetery in Oldenburg.
Research career
Schütte taught himself the investigation methods for marsh research during study visits to the Netherlands. He himself drilled around 1200 boreholes up to a depth of around 9 m each with a hand drill ( marsh spoon ) in order to investigate the layer structure of the marshes, especially in the Weser-Jade area, and was given access to mudflat drilling and dredging at sea through his connection with the Wilhelmshaven port construction director Wilhelm Kruger . His main goal was to research the subsidence of the North Sea, which he published in 1908. Even then, his theories were very controversial. In the 1930s he published his subsidence curve with alternating subsidence and uplift phases, characterized by clay deposition during sea transgression during subsidence and bog formation due to waterlogging in the uplift phase. His theory is now considered outdated, but was influential at the time and was vigorously advocated by Schütte. But Schütte's merit lies in the fact that the knowledge of the continuing rise in sea levels has prevailed to this day.
At the same time, Schütte also dealt with the history of people and the settlement of the coastal area. He summarized his findings in the work The Alluvium of the Jade-Weser Region , published in 1935 .
Schütte was also involved in various institutions and scientific organizations. For example, from 1891 as a founding member of the Brake District Association of the German Teachers' Association for Natural History . He ensured the merger of the Oldenburg district associations to form the Oldenburg-Ostfriesland regional association , in which he took over the chairmanship. After the East Frisians left the state association in 1901, the remaining state association merged with the Oldenburg state group of the Federation for Bird Protection, which was continued as the Oldenburg state association for local history and homeland protection from 1926. Schütte led this association until 1936.
Mellum
With the Oldenburg government decree of 1909 against egg robbery and stalking against seabirds and the dispatch of the first bird watchdog to Mellum , Schütte was also able to record initial successes in the field of nature conservation. He was considered the "discoverer" of the island, which was newly created in the last quarter of the 19th century, and the founding father of the Mellumrat in 1925. He also undertook the first coastal geological research there.
From 1925, at his suggestion, the Oldenburger Blätter für Heimatkunde and Heimatschutz appeared as a monthly special supplement to the Nachrichten für Stadt und Land .
Honors
In 1932 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Hamburg . The Senckenberg Society for Nature Research appointed him a corresponding honorary member a year later . 1994 honored III. Oldenburgischer Deichband , Oldenburgische Landschaft and Gemeinde Wangerland the marsh explorer with a memorial plaque, which is mounted in the Deichschart of Neu Augustengroden. A street in Oldenburg has been named after Heinrich Schütte since 1954.
family
Schütte was married to Alettine Marie Janssen (1864–1939) since December 29, 1890. The couple had four children.
Fonts
- Insect booklet. The main enemies and friends of agriculture from the class of insects. Writings of the German Teachers' Association for Natural History. 1897. Stuttgart.
- Modern subsidence phenomena on our North Sea coast. Published in: Yearbook Oldenburger Verein für Altertumskunde und Landesgeschichte. Volume 16. 1908. pp. 398-441.
- Geology of home. Published in: Heimatkunde Duchy of Oldenburg. Volume 1. 1913. pp. 137-218.
- Coastal movements on the German North Sea coast. Published in: From home. Volume 40, 1927. pp. 325-356.
- The structure of the Weser-Jade-Alluvium. Published in: Writings of the Association for Natural History on the Lower Weser. New episode. Volume V. Bremerhaven. 1931. pp. 3-40.
- The alluvium of the Weser-Jade area - a contribution to the geology of the German North Sea marshes. Published in: Wirtschaftswiss. Ges. Stud. Lower Saxony. B 13. Oldenburg. 1935. (two parts)
- Sinking land on the North Sea? Published in: Writings of the German Natural History Association. New episode. Volume 9. 1939. Öhringen.
- The emergence and silting up of the Harle Bay. Posted in: bh. Nat. Ver. Bremen. Volume 30. 1937. pp. 209-237.
literature
- Wolfgang Hartung: Heinrich Schütte 1863-1939 . In: Otto Heinrich May (Ed.): Niedersächsische Lebensbilder, Vol. 3, Hildesheim: Lax 1957, pp. 276–290
- Klaus Klattenhoff: Schütte, Heinrich. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , p. 657 f. ( online ).
- Peter Kuhlemann : NESTHOCKER-WELTWANDERER , Radebeul-Berlin, Neumann Verlag, 1952, p. 28 u. 32
- Hansjörg Streif The East Frisian coastal area , Geological Guide Collection, Borntraeger, Volume 57, 2nd edition 1990, p. 4f
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Jeversches Wochenblatt of May 18, 1994
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schütte, Heinrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German geologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 28, 1863 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Oldenbrok |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 10, 1939 |
| Place of death | Oldenburg |