Heinrich Scharrelmann

Heinrich Ludwig Friedrich Scharrelmann (born December 1, 1871 in Bremen ; † August 8, 1940 in Leipzig ) was a Bremen school director, educator and writer who promoted the idea of ​​work and community school and represented an educational approach that was focused on experience and home.

biography

Scharrelmann, son of a grocer, attended the Bremen teachers' college from 1886 to 1891 . He was the brother of the teacher and writer Wilhelm Scharrelmann . Since 1891 Scharrelmann worked as a primary school teacher in Bremen. In 1896 he married Antonie Isenbeck (1872–1927), with whom he had two sons and two daughters. Since 1904 Scharrelmann was a member of the Good Templar Order .

Together with Fritz Gansberg , both of whom were influenced by the pedagogue Georg Credner , he put reform pedagogical approaches of the art educator movement into practice in schools among the Bremen reform teachers in the early 20th century.

In 1904 Scharrelmann called for a deepening of the art movement to understand art in schools as a formative principle of teaching (not religion). He meant less an education for art than (teaching) art for the purpose of education. Scharrelmann was an opponent of the conventional school inspection.

In the controversy about the raison d'être of religion in schools at the beginning of the 20th century, Scharrelmann put forward the thesis that religion should not aim at the cognitive acquisition of knowledge, but rather at the emotional preparation of a certain attitude of world perception. Because, in his opinion, this can and should be initiated in all subjects, no separate teaching is required for the subject of religion. Every lesson should be religious instruction.

Scharrelmann and his colleagues brought about an educational and political radicalization of the Bremen elementary school teachers. He was the co-founder and director of Roland magazine .

Scharrelmann's work is - like almost all of reform pedagogy - characterized by considerable ambivalence. His work in the area of ​​German and local history lessons was particularly important. Major influencing factors on his thinking were the art education movement, the homeland movement and the life reform movement.

Critics criticized Scharrelmann for a discrepancy between theory and personal practice as well as impulsiveness and a certain need for recognition.

Scharrelmann left the Bremen school service voluntarily in 1909 and waived his pension after he had been sentenced to a heavy fine in disciplinary proceedings for unauthorized teaching experiments, and went to Kressbronn . In 1909 he took over the editing of the magazine the reformers Roland . In 1910 he switched to teaching at a private girls' school in Hamburg. In 1913 he went to a school in Ludwigshafen on Lake Constance as a private teacher , but returned to Bremen in 1915. In 1916/17 he served as a soldier in Lorraine. He then worked briefly at a reform school in Mainz, later as a telephone stenographer for a Bremen newspaper.

In 1919 Scharrelmann was used again in the Bremen elementary school system. From 1920 he was rector of the experimental school in Schleswiger-Straße , a free-spirited socialist community school in Bremen, where he applied ideas of experiential education. After conflicts with the teaching staff because of his turn to a religious and mythical interpretation of the world, he resigned from his office in 1921. In 1927 he was retired.

Scharrelmann believed he could realize his reformist ideas in the National Socialist Teachers' Association (NSLB) and in the NSDAP . Since 1931 he took part in agitation by the National Socialists . From March to May 1933 he was briefly a specialist advisor for elementary schools in Bremen. His work was probably limited to the "cleaning up" of the school libraries. In 1939 he resigned from the party.

Scharrelmann was buried in Ludwigshafen on Lake Constance.

Honors

• Naming of a primary school after Heinrich Scharrelmann in Berlin-Neukölln

Works

• Hearty lessons . 1902
• From home and childhood and happy times . Volume 1, 1903; Volume 2, 1926; Volume 3, 1925; Volume 4, 1927
• Way to strength . 1904
• Today and before times . 1905
• As part of everyday life . 1908
• Happy children . 1906
• The birthday . 1907
• In the drawing lesson . 1908
• Berni as a little boy . Hamburg, Janssen: 1908
• Golden home . 1908
• From my workshop . 1909
• Berni from his first school days . 1912
• Berni in the seaside resort . 1912
• The Thumbnail . 1912
• Experienced pedagogy . 1912
• Pinkepanks Christmas . 1912
• The painting and drawing . 1913
• Chats about my life and work . 1913
• The city. A collection of educational writings for young people . 1914
• Productive geometry . 1914
• From the story of an old German city . 1914
• The magic hat . 1917
• Berni in the seaside resort . 1918
• The technique of portrayal and storytelling . 1919
• In Popenburg . 1921
• Chats about my life and work . 1921
• Sunny everyday life . 1921
• Berni gets to know people . 1922
• From my workshop . 1922
• Religion from the street . 1922
• Building blocks for intimate pedagogy . Issue 1, 1922; No. 2, 1922; Volume 3, 1923; No. 4, 1924; Issue 5, 1924
• From the great repentance . 1924
• Berni. A little boy. What he saw and heard when he wasn't going to school . 1926
• Berni learns to understand people . 1926
• The witch Kaukau . 1926
• Billi the dog . 1927
• From the radiant life . 1927
• The art of preparing for class . 1928
• Inges Christmas . 1928
• The kindergarten . 1929
• That's how I did it . 1929
• The big garden . 1932
• Elli . 1932
• Elli in the Harz Mountains . 1932
• Kicker kick . 1932
• Körner's children . 1932
• In the fall . 1933
• From learning school to working school to character school . 1937

literature

• Literature by and about Heinrich Scharrelmann in the catalog of the German National Library
• Susanne Enders: Heinrich Scharrelmann in Neue Deutsche Biographie , vol. 22 p. 579 f; Duncker & Humblot , Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2
• Susanne Enders:  Scharrelmann, Heinrich Ludwig Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 579 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Dirk Hagener: Radical school reform between program and reality. The school political struggles in Bremen before the First World War and in the development phase of the Weimar Republic ; State Archives of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, Bremen 1973
• Ralf Koerrenz : Narrative Didactics. Studies on Heinrich Scharrelmann's pedagogy. Waltrop 1997
• Andreas Pehnke : School- political and pedagogical views of the reform pedagogue Heinrich Scharrelmann (1871-1940) (Diss. Leipzig). Leipzig 1984

Web links

• Works by and about Heinrich Scharrelmann  in the German Digital Library
• Works by and about Heinrich Scharrelmann at Open Library

Individual evidence

1. ^ Date of death August 31, 1940 and place of death Bodman-Ludwigshafen in Brockhaus wrong
2. ↑ Lt. an existing death certificate dated August 10, 1940 and according to Herbert Schwarzwälder : Das Große Bremen-Lexikon . 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X is given as the date of death August 8, 1940.
3. ↑ according to present copy of the death certificate dated August 10, 1940
4. ↑ Skiera : Reform pedagogy, handbook and textbook of pedagogy [1]
5. ↑ Article by Hermann Pius Siller : Religion at the school ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )