Heinz Fuchs (painter)

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Heinz Fuchs (born April 9, 1886 in Berlin-Charlottenburg , † March 5, 1961 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf ) was a German painter and graphic artist in the expressionist style.

Immediately after the First World War , Heinz Fuchs joined the November Group, which he did not leave until 1931. During the state-influenced art scene during National Socialism , he found a field of activity as an art teacher in the Reimann School in Berlin , which at that time had been renamed as Kunst und Werk - Private School for Design . After the Second World War , in 1947 he accepted a professorship at the University of Fine Arts in Berlin-Charlottenburg in the art education department .

Heinz Fuchs mainly devoted himself to the landscape. For him, his works were not depictions of a section of nature, but rather the result of a deliberate creation. What he sketched out in the open was newly composed by him in the studio according to his own feelings. The early works are reminiscent of Cézanne , later he also used surrealist elements. There are only a few colors on his palette from which he mixed his moods. He was attracted by the representation of the vastness and that of winter with its snow, which can not only be painted pure white.

Life

Education, wartime and post-war years

In 1905, Heinz Fuchs began his artistic training at the Royal Art School in Berlin . Because he was not considered particularly talented there, he continued his studies at the Berlin Academy of the Arts , which came to the same conclusion. He did not allow himself to be discouraged and from 1908 attended Lovis Corinth's private painting school . There he found recognition. In 1910 he moved to the Grand Ducal Saxon University of Fine Arts in Weimar . As a master student of Fritz Mackensen , he led a painting class for some time. Before returning to his hometown Berlin in 1913, he went on study trips through Europe. Stays in southern France , northern Italy and on the west coast of the Balkan Peninsula had a formative influence on his later works .

Before he was called up for military service in 1915, he was able to show some of his first works at the May exhibition for painting and graphics in Berlin in the hall of a Steglitz group of artists together with Bernhard Hasler , Hans Freese and the brothers Otto and Rudolf Möller .

After the end of the war, Heinz Fuchs - and with him Willy Jaeckel , Cesar Klein , Max Pechstein and Heinrich Richter - followed the call of the German Republic's advertising service. To create posters with a political and social message. Its warning content was intended to encourage the soldiers returning from the front to be prudent.

At the turn of the year 1918/19, Heinz Fuchs joined the November Group and was active on the working committee until 1922. From 1919 to 1927 he took part every year and in 1931 for the last time in the November group's exhibitions at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition .

Reorientation

Since 1927 Heinz Fuchs was the first secretary to be on the board of the Reich Association of German Artists (RVbK), Gau Berlin - an association that took care of the economic interests of artists. In order to alleviate the financial plight of the artists, good experiences had been gained in the USA with an art rental company. Heinz Fuchs tried to establish this system together with his artist colleagues Arthur Segal , Otto Kruepper and Rudolf Bosselt here in Germany.

After the seizure of power by the National Socialists of RVbK was forcibly dissolved and artists who had belonged to the circle of the November Group, were exposed to hostility and reprisals. In addition, from the mid-20s onwards, the Berlin exhibition scene was increasingly dominated by the traditionally conservative Association of Berlin Artists (VBK). After several unsuccessful attempts, Heinz Fuchs was accepted into the VBK in 1936.

His plan, together with Ernst Fritsch , to have the painters Georg Muche and Moriz Melzer , who like him were former members of the November group, included in the VBK, led to a scandal. They have been disparagingly called "November criminals ." Thereupon 30 members announced their resignation among them Heinz Fuchs and some of his artist colleagues like Ernst Fritsch, Artur Degner , Willy Jaeckel, Richard Scheibe and Heinrich Graf Luckner .

During the National Socialist era, Heinz Fuchs only took part in a major art exhibition once in 1936. After only 10 days, this exhibition, which had been initiated by the Kunstverein Hamburg , was closed by order of the Reichskunstkammer on the grounds that it was showing art from the "decay" . Many of the artists were then banned from exhibiting and painting . Heinz Fuchs was not affected by this, as his painting style had changed from a cubic-expressive to a greater realism.

The time as an art teacher

It is not certain whether Heinz Fuchs was still employed as a teacher in the Reimann School led by Albert Reimann after the National Socialists came to power or only at Hugo Häring , after it had been renamed as Kunst und Werk - Privatschule für Gestaltung .

In 1943, Heinz Fuchs had to become a soldier a second time. Bombs dropped over Berlin in 1944 destroyed his studio in which he had stored all his works. He returned from captivity sick and destitute. After the end of the war, the four occupying powers of Berlin tried to revive the art business in the four sectors of the city as quickly as possible. This also included the appointment of "old masters of modernity" to the University of Fine Arts. In 1947, at the age of sixty, Heinz Fuchs accepted the professorship in the art education department. On March 31, 1955 he was retired .

Further memberships

  • At the age of 23, Heinz Fuchs joined the Deutscher Künstlerbund Weimar, to which he belonged until it was forcibly dissolved in 1936.
  • In 1946 he was a founding member and second chairman of the Berlin Association of Visual Artists , an association of the art and literature union in the FDGB . In 1948 he was no longer mentioned on the board of the association.
  • In 1947 he was a member of the newly founded Künstlerbund Berlin. from 1950 he belonged to the German Association of Artists.

Participation in exhibitions (selection)

  • Annual exhibition of the German Association of Artists 1950 in the years: 1./1951 Berlin, 2./1952 Cologne, 4./1954 Frankfurt am Main

Works (selection)

Works exhibited in museums or in storage

  • Houses on the mountain
  • Self-portrait with hat (pastel)
  • Blue-gray city
  • View of roofs
  • City in the Snow (1926/27)
  • South of France countryside

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b Berlinische Galerie .
  2. ↑ a b c National Museums in Berlin - Prussian Cultural Heritage, New National Gallery .
  3. ^ National Museums in Berlin - Prussian Cultural Heritage, Alte Nationalgalerie .

Artworks depicted in printed works

  • Village street with windmill (Indian ink, 1914)
  • Landscape I.
  • Small winter picture (oil), No. 812 in the jury-free section.
  • Landscape with three sailors
  • Southern landscape, oil, 1936

literature

  • Fuchs, Heinz . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 2 : E-J . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1955, p. 173 .
  • Fuchs, Heinz . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 46, Saur, Munich a. a. 2005, ISBN 3-598-22786-8 , p. 50 f.
  • Paul Pfisterer, Claire Pfisterer: Signaturenlexikon / Dictionary of Signatures. Walter de Gruyter, 1999, ISBN 978-3-11-014937-1 , p. 221, F585.
  • Gerhard Wietek: Painter on Amrum : Special exhibition. Dingwort, Hamburg-Altona 1965, 16 p. Numerous. |||.
  • Exhibition catalog: Rainer Schoch: Political posters of the Weimar Republic: 1918–1933. Exhibition Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg, Druckerei H. Anthes, Darmstadt 1980, 157 pp.
  • Exhibition catalog: Klaus Märtens: Heinz Fuchs: 1986–1961, exhibition 56. Galerie Taube, 1981, 8 p.
  • Exhibition catalog: November group. Galerie Bodo Niemann, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-926298-21-9 , 160 pp.
  • Exhibition catalog: Expressionism: the second generation 1915–1925. Prestel, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-7913-0916-1 , 200 pp.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d H.B .: The painter Heinz Fuchs. In: Fine arts, magazine for painting, graphics, sculpture and architecture. Volume 2, Issue 7, Verlag Bildende Kunst, Berlin 1948, p. 27.
  2. ↑ Willy Oskar Dressler: Dreßler's art manual. Ed. Willy Oskar Dressler, Vol. 9, Volume 2, Berlin 1930, p. 284.
  3. ^ G .: exhibitions. In: Kunstchronik: Weekly for art and applied arts. EA Seemann, Leipzig, J. 26. No. 39 1914/1915, p. 480 f.
  4. ^ Exhibition catalog: May exhibition: Painting and graphics; Berlin W.8. Under d. Linden 13. Saatz, Berlin-Schöneberg 1915, p. 20 f.
  5. ^ H. Roethlisberger: From the poster. In: Das Werk, Swiss monthly for architecture, art and the artistic trade. Volume 6, Issue 9, Zurich 1919, pp. 123 f., Accessed on January 25, 2017.
  6. ^ Rainer Schoch: Political posters of the Weimar Republic: 1918–1933. Exhibition Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg, 1980, p. 7.
  7. ^ Helga Kliemann: The November group. Ed .: German Society for Fine Arts, Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1969 p. 207 ff.
  8. ↑ Michael Nungesser: When the SA marched into the hall ...: the end of the Reich Association of German Artists. Ed. Bildungswerk des BBK Berlin, Druckerei Dürschlag, Berlin (West) 1983, p. 52.
  9. ^ Helmut Börsch-Supan: Association of Berlin Artists - Attempt to take stock from 1841 to the present. Nicolai, Berlin 1991, p. 106. ISBN 3-87584-381-9
  10. ↑ Michael Nungesser: When the SA marched into the hall ...: the end of the Reich Association of German Artists. Ed. Bildungswerk des BBK Berlin, Druckerei Dürschlag, Berlin (West) 1983, p. 177 ff.
  11. ^ Kunstverein in Hamburg: Painting and Sculpture in Germany 1936. Catalog of the exhibition from July 21st to September 20th. Sachse, Hamburg 1936, p. 13.
  12. ↑ Michael Nungesser: When the SA marched into the hall ...: the end of the Reich Association of German Artists. Ed. Bildungswerk des BBK Berlin, Druckerei Dürschlag, Berlin (West) 1983, p. 67.
  13. ↑ Walter Habel (ed.): Who is who? 12th edition of Degeners Who is it? Arani-Verlag, Berlin-Grunewald 1955, p. 313.
  14. ↑ UdK -Archiv 16 - II 46
  15. ^ Siegfried Neuenhausen: 1936 - forbidden images. Deutscher Künstlerbund, 34th annual exhibition, Berlin 1986, p. 98.
  16. ↑ Jutta Held: Art and Art Policy: 1945 - 1949, cultural development in Germany after World War II. SAS, Berlin (West) 1981, p. 252 f.
  17. ↑ Jutta Held: Art and Art Policy: 1945 - 1949, cultural development in Germany after World War II. SAS, Berlin (West) 1981, p. 247 f.
  18. ↑ Overview of the annual exhibitions of the German Association of Artists since 1950 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on February 14, 2017) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kuenstlerbund.de
  19. ↑ a b c Shown in: Michael Nungesser: When the SA marched into the hall ...: the end of the Reich Association of German Artists. Ed. Bildungswerk des BBK Berlin, Druckerei Dürschlag, Berlin (West) 1983, p. 74.
  20. ^ Hans F. Schweers: Paintings in German museums. Part 3, directory of museums with their pictures: Aachen - Jesteburg, Saur, Munich 2005, p. 373. ISBN 3-598-24172-0 .
  21. ^ Nierendorf Gallery: Artists of the November Group . Berlin, 1985
  22. ↑ Great Berlin Art Exhibition, May 7 to September 30, 1927. Diehl, Berlin 1927, p. 65.
  23. ↑ Great Berlin Art Exhibition / GBK. 1957. Catalog, Berlin, 1373-1378.
  24. ^ Visual arts, magazine for painting, graphics, sculpture and architecture, Volume 2, Issue 7, Verlag Bildende Kunst, Berlin 1948, p. 26.
  25. ↑ Fine arts, magazine for painting, graphics, sculpture and architecture. Volume 3, Issue 9, Verlag Bildende Kunst, Berlin 1949, cover page.
personal data
SURNAME Fuchs, Heinz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and graphic artist in the expressionist style
DATE OF BIRTH April 9, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin-Charlottenburg
DATE OF DEATH March 5, 1961
Place of death Berlin-Wilmersdorf