Bright coral milkling
| Bright coral milkling | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius ruginosus | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The light coral milkling ( Lactarius ruginosus ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized milkling with pale pink flesh and quite distant lamellae . The hat is pale gray-brown and has a short grooved edge. The rare mushroom is difficult to distinguish from similar species. It can be found in deciduous forests, usually on better soils under red or hornbeams. The fruiting bodies of the inedible Milchling appear between July and October. The Milchling is also called Kerbrandiger Korallen- or wide-leaved coral-Milchling .
features
Macroscopic features
The 4–8 cm wide cap is almost flat and has an irregular papilla in the middle. The edge is slightly curved and short and irregularly grooved or more or less regularly notched. The hat skin is dry, velvety and irregularly pitted. The hat is dark grayish-brown in color, but can also be milk coffee brown and sometimes an olive tint, the color often pale towards the edge.
The narrow, 5–7 mm wide, noticeably distant lamellae are attached to the stalk and sometimes run down easily with a short tooth. There are 5–10 lamellae per centimeter of the hat rim. These are almost whitish at first, then pale cream to salmon-ocher. The spore powder is dark ocher-pink to ocher-yellow and usually much darker than in the closely related species.
The 3.5–4.5 cm long and 1–1.6 cm wide stem is cylindrical to club-shaped. The surface is smooth, dry, and about the same color as the hat, although mostly paler. In places it may have whitish spots, and the base and tip are whitish. The inside of the stem is stuffed or hollow.
The white flesh is moderately thick and firm. It changes color to salmon pink after 4–10 minutes in the event of an injury or in the incision, and ocher to yellow-brown the next day. The smell is musty and slightly spermatic, the taste is very sharp. The rather sparse flowing milk is white and slowly turns reddish on contact with the meat, but remains white without contact with the meat. In contrast to meat, the milk tastes mild and pleasant; when you dab it, it pulls rubber-like threads.
Microscopic features
The round to broadly elliptical spores are on average 7.5–8.0 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1–1.25. The spur ornament is up to 2 µm high and consists of ridges that are more or less parallel and have a slightly spiral pattern. The ridges are seldom branched and never reticulate. Between the main ridges are some shorter, irregular ridges. The ridges are narrower than 1 µm and less amyloid in the upper part and therefore appear to be split.
The slightly clubbed, 4-spore basidia are 50–70 µm long and 12–16 µm wide. Pleurocystids are absent. The lamellar cutting edges are sterile, on them sit 20–45 µm long and 5–8 µm wide, translucent and thin-walled paracystids that are fusiform to rather irregularly clubbed.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 60–100 µm thick trichoepithelium . The hyphae ends are (20) 30–45 µm long and 3–4 (5) µm, cylindrical, regular and no wider at the top than at the bottom. The subpellis is a 10–20 µm wide pseudoparenchyma and consists of more or less rounded elements. Sometimes one finds cylindrical elements between the hyphae ends and rounded cells with brown intracellular pigment in the upper layers.
Species delimitation
The Milchling is similar to the more common Mohrenkopf Milchling , but only occurs in coniferous forests. This has a finely notched edge of the hat, more compact lamellae and a meat that slowly turns reddish brown.
Another similar species from the family group is the dark brown beech milkling ( L. romagnesii ), whose hat is much darker and never gray-brown in color. The brim of its hat is generally noticeably irregularly notched and not briefly grooved as in the case of the light coral milkling.
The winged milkling ( L. pterosporus ) is quite similar , but has a more ocher-brown and less greyish-colored, clearly wrinkled hat. In contrast to the pale pink discoloration of the flesh of the light coral dairy, its flesh is clearly salmon pink. Further distinguishing features are the distant lamellae and the short, grooved and, unlike the winged milkling, never white brim.
Another very similar fungus is the spotty milkling ( L. subruginosus ). It is a strong mushroom that, due to its macroscopic features, stands between the winged and the light coral milkling because of its “crowded, standing lamellas” and “notched cap”. In contrast to the other two Milchlingen, however, it smells clearly of coconut flakes.
ecology
The Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. Its most common mycorrhizal partner is the common beech, followed by the hornbeam, less often oak and hazel can also serve as hosts.
The Milchling likes nutrient-rich soils. The fruiting bodies appear between July and October in the hills and mountains.
distribution
The light coral milkling is a rare, purely European species. The milkling has been identified in France, the Benelux countries and Central Europe. In Great Britain it is widespread northwards to the Hebrides, it is absent on the Irish island. The Milchling is also quite rare in Northern Europe, in Sweden the northern limit of its distribution area extends to Västergötland ( Kinnekulle ).
The species appears to be rare, but is probably much more common and widespread, as it has often not been distinguished from similar species.
Systematics
The species was described by Henri Romagnesi in 1957 . According to M. Basso, the species is synonymous with Lactarius fuliginosus var. Clitocybeoides AHSm. & Hesler, 1962 and at least partially with Lactarius fuliginosus in the sense of Neuhoff (1956). The Latin species attribute ( epithet ) "ruginosus" means wrinkled and refers to the texture of the hat skin.
Inquireric systematics Heilmann-Clausen and Basso put the Milchling in the Plinthogali section, which in turn is part of the Plinthogalus sub-genus . The representatives of the section have a fine, velvety, often wrinkled hat. The meat and / or milk turn pink or reddish brown, the spore powder is ocher yellow. The hat cover layer is palisade-shaped.
meaning
Due to its sharp taste, the Milchling is inedible.
literature
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 382.
- ↑ a b c Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 236 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius ruginosus. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved September 14, 2011 .
- ^ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al.: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 271-73 .
- ↑ Lactarius ruginosus in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved September 15, 2011 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 13, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Synonyms of Lactarius ruginosus. Romagn., Bull. Trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 72: 340 (1957). In: Index Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved October 13, 2012 .
- ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 678 (Italian).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: ruginosus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 2421 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al.: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 23-28 .
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius ruginosus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius ruginosus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on September 10, 2004 ; accessed on June 20, 2011 (English, photos and brief description).