Henriettenthal

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Henriettenthal is a formerly independent property around a former glassworks in a side valley of the Lauscha Valley. It is located at about 675  m above sea level. NN height only about 600 m northeast of the center of the city of Lauscha , the Hüttenplatz. The Marktiegelschanze is located in this valley today .

Boundaries drawn in the 14th century

Border stone between Sachsen-Coburg and the rule of Graefenthal of the Reichserbmarschalle von Pappenheim in the upper Lauschatal

The small side valley first gained importance in the 14th century as part of a system of late medieval state borders at the transition from the Franconian to the Thuringian settlement area on the ridge of the Thuringian Slate Mountains .

The old Rennsteig border path follows the Springe = "spring water" lutzscha = "Lauscha" for almost 200 m in a south-easterly direction until it turns east at the current Ernstthal level crossing, while the water makes its way south into the Lauschatal valley. Up to this point, the Quellbach, which is now called "Igelshieber Wässerlein" , marked the border between the Grafschaft Schwarzburg north of the Rennsteig and the Coburg in the Electorate of Saxony in the southwest. This point was listed as a border marker in 1366 in a Schwarzburg registry.

From this point the Lauschabach flows below the Rennsteig to the south between the Igelskuppe (800 m above sea level) and the Köpplein (781 m above sea level) in the west and the Brehmenstall (776 m above sea level) and below the Königswiesenbach, the at an altitude of approx. 680 m above sea level. NN in the Junker-Veits-Tiegel (name around 1850) flows into the Lauscha, which is up to 834.5 m above sea level. NN uplifting Pappenheimer Berg in the east downhill. Over a length of about 1650 m, the upper Lauschabach, also called Faule Lauscha , demarcated the Coburg care from a territory that had been in the possession of the Counts of Orlamünde until 1394 and that the new owners, the Wettins , in 1438 while maintaining the Sold feudal sovereignty to the Reichserbmarschalle von Pappenheim , who founded a lineage in Graefenthal . The border curve turned on the southwest slope of the Pappenheimer mountain, where the market seal = "border valley" branches off from the Lauschatal, in an easterly direction and followed from the confluence with the Lauschatal at about 650 m above sea level. This small side valley rises approx. 750 m above sea level to its end, where the plateaus of the Pappenheimer Berg and Tierberg (here 769 m above sea level, locally referred to as "Kleiner Tierberg") at a narrow point ( "Störmerschgeräum" ) 755 m above sea level Touch the above sea level. Such demarcations were common in the Thuringian Slate Mountains. The term “Marktiegel” is used more frequently in the region. In contrast to the constantly water-bearing Lauschabach, the small flowing water in the valley floor of the Marktiegel did not represent a very reliable boundary marker. In Lauscha dialect it is called Lüüchnbrünnla , in High German Lügenborn.

To the east of the plateau, at the end of the opposite side valley at the Brückleinsbrunnen, the old border turns south again. At the foot of the Großer Tierberg (806 m above sea level) with the Breiten Berg (today near Haselbach, 783 m above sea level) in Toxiggrund, the demarcation continued; the east side of the Rögitz am Limberg (793 m above sea level) marked the Pappenheimer rule Gräfenthal, the western bank of the brook the maintenance of Coburg, the later Principality of Saxony-Coburg .

The foundation of Lauscha 1589–1597

Epitaph of the Reichsherbmarschall Christoff Ullrich von Pappenheim in the church of St. Marien in Graefenthal

In the late 16th century, the Henneberg glassworks in Langenbach in Schleusegrund foreseeably ran into economic difficulties. In the age of traveling glassworks, it was not uncommon for huts to be abandoned when the surrounding wood supplies were exhausted and re-established elsewhere. The extinction of the ducal county of Henneberg as the most important buyer of glass products with the death of the last Prince Count Georg Ernst in 1583 is likely to have accelerated the decline. In 1589, the Langenbach glassworks went bankrupt and ceased production . While some of the Langenbach glassmakers turned to the Fehrenbach area and from there to Neustadt am Rennsteig , Friedrichshöhe and Gehlberg , the smelter Hans Greiner , apparently a supporter of the Anabaptist movement , and his companion, who presumably came from Bischofsgrün , turned From 1568 in Langenbach, glass master Christoph Müller testified that he was looking for a suitable settlement further east and found what he was looking for in Marktiegel. The negotiations with the aged Reichserbmarschall Christoff Ullrich von Pappenheim , however, remained fruitless. It is not known to what extent a glassworks (Lauscha I) existed there from 1589/1590 and whether glass was already being produced. Christoph Müller is said to have been in custody in Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt in the meantime , although the circumstances have not been clarified. Probably by 1595 at the latest the glass masters finally gave up the negotiations and relocated the glassworks about 600 m down the valley to another side valley of the Lauscha, the Multertiegel (625 m above sea level), where the Schmiedsbach coming from the northwestern plateau between the slopes of the Köpplein, des Stony hill (765 m above sea level) and Teufelsholz (745 m above sea level) below the Eller opposite the Kleiner Tierberg flows into the Lauschabach, now on Saxon-Coburg soil. At this time the glass furnace seems to have been in operation, whether at the old or at the new location can no longer be clarified beyond doubt. On January 10, 1597, Duke Johann Casimir zu Sachsen-Coburg licensed the glassworks (Lauscha II), which existed until 1905 and which became the core of the glass-blowing town of Lauscha.

The founding of Henriettenthal 1720–1721

Map of Saxony-Coburg-Saalfeld, 1820

With Christoff Ullrich von Pappenheim, the Graefenthal lineage died out in 1599. In 1620 the von Pappenheim family finally sold the forests in the Thuringian Slate Mountains to the Wettin House , which held fiefdom. The territory first came to Sachsen-Altenburg, after various inheritance divisions from 1680 finally to the Duchy of Sachsen-Saalfeld . Duke Johann Ernst zu Sachsen-Saalfeld, like other sovereigns in the surrounding area, promoted the establishment of glassworks in the vicinity of the flourishing Lauscha metallurgical industry. 1707 Lauscha glass masters from the glassmaker families Greiner, Müller and Böhm founded the Ernstthal hut named after him above the Königswiese east of the Brehmenstall on Pappenheimer Berg.

On the southwest flank of the Pappenheimer Berg, in 10 rods = approx. 42.50 m from the border to the Saxony-Meiningischen Lauscha not far from the Obermühle, the glass masters Johann Stephan Philip Greiner from Lauscha and Johann Georg Böhm zu Ernstthal founded another glassworks. The hut privilege was granted on July 22nd, 1720 in Saalfeld. The hut was named Henriettenthal after a princess of the Saxon-Saalfeld family . In the hut, filament glass was produced "on the chair" using a new technique . Both the technology and the products were extremely modern at the time. The four booths of the hut required 20 glassmakers, 4 single-porters and 2 Schürer to operate. On October 8, 1749, the glass masters were entrusted with the nearby forestry room. Two pieces of land belonged to the Hüttengut, a room behind the hut on Pappenheimer Berg and the “unterm Harborn” in Marktiegel, which goes back to the first attempt by the Lauscha residents. Around 1790, 3/4 of the hut belonged to the Saxon-Meiningian court agent Johann Friedrich Greiner zu Lauscha, the remaining quarter to the mayor Johann Michael Böhm from Ernstthal. Every year the finest glassware was produced for at least 6,000 to 8,000 Reichsthalers, which were exported to Russia and Holland.

Crypt of the Eduard Kühnert family (1910) on the western slope of the Pappenheimer Berg

Like many glassworks in the vicinity of successful companies, this one was not granted lasting economic success. After the death of the Kommerzienrat Johann Friedrich Greiner in 1820, his youngest daughter Charlotte Auguste inherited the hut, which with the s.-m. Court Chamber Councilor Ludwig Andreas Künzel from Selbitz was married. The Künzel couple went bankrupt in 1830 and moved to Poland. The hut, which had offered 200 jobs in its most important times, was no longer operated by 1824 at the latest. The valuable timber concession of 250 fathoms was used by the Hüttensteinach ironworks . Ms. Hofkammerrat's share was auctioned at the highest bidder in 1830. At the end of January 1832 the hut passed to the mayor and glass master of Piesau Johann Joseph Kühnert and his sons. The thread glass technique, however, had long since found its way into the arts and crafts in Lauscha.

Henriettenthal until 1946

Lauscha had meanwhile become part of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen with the Sonneberg court . In 1826 the Ernestine duchies were redistributed for the last time. The former Sachsen-Saalfeld became part of the Duchy of Sachsen-Meiningen. The offices initially remained within the old limits. The areas east of the Faulen Lauscha up to the Henriettenthal still belonged to the Graefenthal office. In 1900 the municipality Ernstthal and the districts belonging to the municipality in the west and south of the Pappenheimer Berg, d. H. the Obermühle glassworks, located directly on the Lauschabach, with the Finsteren Grund and the Henriettenthal were separated from the Graefenthal district court and assigned to the Steinach district court in the Sonneberg district. On July 1, 1946, Finstergrund-Obermühle and Henriettenthal were incorporated into Lauscha.

The Henriettenthal today

From 1911 a ski jumping facility , the Marktiegelschanze, was built in the Marktiegel . A residential street at the end of the valley bears the name Henriettenthal today. Less than 50 m away on Lauschabach, not far from the first glassworks in Marktiegel, is today's color glassworks , which continues to supply the glassblowers with the necessary semi-finished products and thus forms the basis of the traditional glass industry in Lauscha.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The same source names the Schmale = "small" beech , probably a cripple or a Süntel beech , as the more western border point. The name of the Schmalenbuche district of the later neighboring town of Neuhaus am Rennweg (Dr. Herbert Kühnert, Writings on the settlement and cultural history of the Thuringian Forest , 1930) was derived from this field name .
  2. ↑ The name Marktiegel was first mentioned in 1555 in a "Description from the Franconian Forests".
  3. ↑ Various traditions exist about the negotiations. One says that the glassmasters came into conflict with the forester because they killed a rampaging bear, thereby violating the hunting privilege. Another version mentions as a point of conflict that the landlord demanded two fattened oxen a year, but offered the entire Pappenheimer Berg with its forest. This part of the contract was not uncommon at the time, but it was impossible for the glassmasters to fulfill and they had to decline this offer.
  4. ↑ The content of the concession, fiefdom and protection letter is presented in detail in the main article Lauscha .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Konrad Dorst in: Lauschaer Zeitung. (PDF file: 0.2 MB) City of Lauscha, May 11, 2012, pp. 17 - 18 , accessed on May 11, 2012 .
  2. ^ Konrad Dorst in: Lauschaer Zeitung. (PDF file: 0.2 MB) City of Lauscha, April 1, 2011, pp. 19 - 21 , accessed on April 15, 2011 .
  3. ↑ Gerhard Greiner: Glass was her life - glass was her fate, family history and life's work of important glassmaking families in Thuringia , D. Gräbner, Altendorf bei Bamberg 1996, p. 37
  4. ^ Uta Hartung in: Lauschaer Zeitung. (PDF file: 0.2 MB) City of Lauscha, December 10, 2010, pp. 8 - 9 , accessed on April 15, 2011 .
  5. ↑ Lauscha newspaper. (PDF file: 0.2 MB) City of Lauscha, July 8, 2011, pp. 20 - 21 , accessed on July 10, 2011 .
  6. ↑ Lauscha newspaper. (PDF file: 0.2 MB) City of Lauscha, June 3, 2011, p. 24 , accessed on June 13, 2011 .
  7. ↑ Lauscha newspaper. (PDF file: 0.2 MB) City of Lauscha, November 5, 2010, p. 16 , accessed April 15, 2011 .
  8. ↑ Lauscha newspaper. (PDF file: 0.2 MB) City of Lauscha, June 3, 2011, p. 24 , accessed on June 13, 2011 .

literature

  • City of Lauscha (Hrsg.): Festschrift for the award of city rights. Friebel-Druck, Saalfeld 1957.
  • Albert Böhm: Lauschaer Leut - characters and names from the Thuringian Forest. Museum for Glass Art Lauscha, Bad Blankenburg 1977.
  • City of Lauscha (Hrsg.): Historischer Bilderbogen - A foray through the history of Lauscha and Ernstthal. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 2008, ISBN 978-3-86595-255-4 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 28 ′ 40 ″  N , 11 ° 10 ′ 9 ″  E