Hermann Jellinek

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Hermann Jellinek (born January 22, 1822 in Drslawitz , Moravia , † November 23, 1848 in Vienna ) was an Austrian writer , journalist and revolutionary .

Live and act

Hermann Jellinek was a younger brother of Rabbi Adolf Jellinek . Via Pressburg he went to Prague , where he studied the teachings of Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling and wrote smaller essays on philosophical and theological topics. At that time he still intended to become a rabbi, but later he rejected any religion.

Like his brother Adolf, he moved from Prague in 1842 to the University of Leipzig , where he studied Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach and dealt with natural sciences, economics and socialist ideas. He first caused a stir when he argued against Leibniz's philosophy in a lecture at Leipzig University on the occasion of Gottfried Leibniz's 200th birthday . The tone of his writings, too, was always polemical, aggressive, and often sarcastic, for example when he made fun of the efforts of Jews who believe that they will achieve equality in the brochure The Deception of the Enlightened Jews and their Ability to Emancipate (1847) that they present the Jewish faith as an enlightened religion that corresponds to the aims of the enlightenment .

When Jellinek turned to political issues, his radicalism alienated him from his older brother. Although he was still able to do his doctorate in Leipzig , his political activities led to his expulsion from the Kingdom of Saxony in 1847, to which he responded with the pamphlet The Denunciation System of Saxon Liberalism and Hermann Jellinek's Critical-Nihilistic System . He was also soon expelled from Berlin , where he was in close contact with Bruno Bauer , for the radical nature of his political articles. In the year of the revolution in 1848, he went to Vienna in March, where he was editor of the series of publications Critical Speaking Room for the main issues of Austrian politics and wrote several leading articles for the Österreichische Allgemeine Zeitung , in which he violently attacked the House of Habsburg . a. Alfred Julius Becher got to know, in whose magazine The Radical he also often spoke up with polemical political articles.

After the defeat of the Viennese October uprising in 1848 and the declaration of martial law was Jellinek, who had remained against the advice of friends in Vienna, was arrested on 9 November 1848 and as one of the ringleaders with Alfred Julius Becher by a military tribunal to death by train Condemned, because Field Marshal Prince Windisch-Grätz attributed the blame for the uprising primarily to the press, and in particular to Jellinek and Becher. While the judgments of other revolutionaries such as Caesar Wenzel Messenhauser or Robert Blum , who were shot dead , were justified with their armed resistance, of the two convicted “desk criminals” only Jellinek is said to have actually been executed. The former Ministerialrat Adolf Fischhof , himself a Jew, who was charged with riot and high treason in March 1849 and only released after nine months, explained this by saying that Jellinek was a Jew, while Becher was a Protestant. However, the reports on this are contradictory. Fischhof himself narrowly escaped execution and Jellinek was executed in his place, writes his nephew Georg Jellinek . However, Jellinek had verbally irritated his judges during the tribunal that he was threatened with corporal punishment. Efforts to get him to distance himself from the content of his polemical writings so that he could be given freedom, or at least life, were fruitless. His ideas, he wrote the evening before the execution, could not be shot. When his brother Adolf Jellinek wrote his eulogy in 1867 on the emperor Maximilian of Mexico , the younger brother of the Austrian emperor , who had been shot dead , he alluded to his own younger brother, who was also executed by a military tribunal, and then demanded the abolition of the death penalty for political acts and a reform of the judicial process.

Fonts

  • Uriel Acosta's life and teaching . Kummer, Zerbst 1847.
  • The relation of the Lutheran Church to the reformatory efforts. Leipzig 1847.
  • The denunciation system of Saxon liberalism and the critical-nihilistic system of Hermann Jellinek. Leipzig 1847.
  • The deceptions of the enlightened Jews and their ability to emancipate. Kummer, Zerbst 1847.
  • The present crisis in Hegelian philosophy. Thomas, Leipzig 1847.
  • Criticism of the religion of love. Kummer, Zerbst 1847.
  • The secret resolutions of the Vienna Cabinet Conference of 1834. Thomas, Leipzig 1848.
  • The religious and social conditions of the present. Kummer, Zerbst 1848.
  • Critical history of the Viennese revolution from March 13th to the constituent Reichstag. Kk Hof-Buchdruckerei Sommer, Vienna 1848.
  • Critical speaking room for the main questions of Austrian politics. Vienna 1848.
  • Critical-Philosophical Writings. From the estate. Vienna 1849.

literature

  • Emil Lehmann: H. Jellinek to remember. Weller, Leipzig 1851.
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Jellinek, Hermann . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 10th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1863, pp. 157–160 ( digitized version ).
  • Berthold Bretholz :  Jellinek, Hermann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 50, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1905, p. 649 f.
  • Jellinek Hermann. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1965, p. 102.
  • Ernest Hamburger: Jews in Public Life in Germany: Members of the Government, Officials and Parliamentarians in the Monarchy, 1848–1918. JCB Mohr, 1968.
  • Wolfgang Häusler et al .: Judaism in the revolutionary year 1848 (= Studia Judaica Austriaca I published by the Austrian Jewish Museum in Eisenstadt) Herold, Vienna 1974
  • Erich Zöllner: Hermann Jellinek in the pre-March period. His development into a revolutionary democrat. In: Contributions to the recent history of Austria. Böhlau, Vienna 1974, pp. 345–359.
  • Hans Otto Horch, Horst Denkler : Conditio Judaica: Judaism, anti-Semitism and German-language literature from the 18th century to the First World War. Werner Reimers Foundation, Niemeyer, Tübingen 1988, ISBN 3-484-10607-7 .
  • Klaus Kempter: The Jellineks 1820–1955: A family-biographical study on the German-Jewish educated middle class . Droste, Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-7700-1606-8 .
  • Klaus Kempter: Hermann Jellinek: Apprenticeship years of a revolutionary (1846-1848). In: Viennese history sheets. ed. from the Association for the History of the City of Vienna, Vienna 1998.
  • Encyclopaedia Judaica. 22 volumes, 2nd edition. Macmillan, New York, 2006, ISBN 0-02-865928-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  2. ^ Jacob Rothschild: Hermann Jellinek. In: Jewish Virtual Library
  3. ↑ Jewisch Virtual Library: Hermann Jellinek
  4. ↑ See Wikipedia: Alfred Julius Becher , Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian Authors of Jewish Origin, 18th to 20th Century. Volume 1: A-I. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 81 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  5. ↑ in ASR I, p. 270. after: Vittorio Klostermann (ed.): Victor Ehrenberg and Georg Jellinek: Briefwechsel 1872–1911. Max Planck Institute for European Legal History 2005, ISBN 3-465-03406-6 , p. 200 (note).
  6. ↑ Jewisch Virtual Library: Hermann Jellinek
  7. ↑ Gershom Sholem, Meir Lamed: Arthur Jellinek. In: Jewish Virtual Library.
personal data
SURNAME Jellinek, Hermann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian writer and revolutionary
DATE OF BIRTH January 22, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH Drslavice
DATE OF DEATH November 23, 1848
Place of death Vienna