Hermann Tempel (politician, 1889)

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Hermann Bernhard Christoph Tempel (born November 29, 1889 in Ditzum , † November 27, 1944 in Oldenburg ) was a German politician (SPD).

Information board about Hermann Tempel in Ditzum

Live and act

Tempel attended elementary school in Ditzum . Later he attended a preparatory institute and the teachers' college in Aurich . In 1910 he passed the teacher examination. From 1915 to 1916, Tempel took part in World War I as an infantryman , where he was wounded. He then returned to civilian life as a primary school teacher in Leer. From 1920 to 1921 Tempel studied - without a degree - at the universities of Hamburg and Berlin, the subjects of psychology and philosophy .

In 1919, Tempel joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). For this he was initially a member of the city council of Leer . In addition, he founded the regional party newspaper Volksbote together with Louis Thelemann in 1924 and also worked as an editor for it. He was regarded as a sharp opponent not only of the National Socialists, but also of the KPD , which was almost as strong as the SPD , especially in Emden . In an article in the Volksbote he compared the Emden KPD Senator Gustav Wendt with the well-known anti-Semite Ludwig Münchmeyer and called them “Siamese twins”. The historian Dietmar von Reeken judged that it was "not exactly a flattering comparison, given the fact that Münchmeyer was notorious, especially in East Friesland as a nasty Nazi and above all anti-Semitic agitator."

From 1925 to 1933 Tempel was a member of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic as a member of his party for almost eight years . His first move into the Berlin parliament in September 1925 resulted from the demise of the SPD member for constituency 14 (Weser-Ems) Wilhelm Helling , whose mandate Tempel held for the rest of the legislative period until 1928. Between 1928 and 1933, Tempel was re-elected as a member of constituency 14 a total of five times.

In March 1933, Tempel voted together with the other members of his parliamentary group against the enabling law . In the same month he was banned from speaking; his house was searched several times by the SA . Warned in good time, Tempel evaded his arrest in the summer of 1933 and fled to the Netherlands , where he lived as an emigrant in the following years. In October 1937 he was expatriated . In Amsterdam , Tempel was one of the nine men who formed the inner circle of the SPD's exile group there. In contrast to the six-strong majority of the group, Tempel, Anton Reissner and Alfred Mozer rejected efforts to form a left unity party with the communists.

After the German invasion of the Netherlands in the spring of 1940, Tempel went into hiding, but surrendered to the Amsterdam Gestapo after his landlord was arrested. From December 5, 1940, first in police custody , then in “ protective custody ”, he was sentenced in July 1941 by the Hamm Higher Regional Court to two years' imprisonment for preparation for high treason . After his release from Wolfenbüttel prison in December 1942, Tempel was under police supervision; At the beginning of 1944 he moved to Oldenburg and worked there as an unskilled worker in the shoe wholesale trade. After the assassination attempt on July 20, 1944 , he was arrested for two days in the " Operation Grid ". Tempel died "of a tumor, the consequences of imprisonment and physical abuse." At the time of his death, he had been ordered to be sent to a foreigner camp as a stateless person . The National Socialists did not respond to Tempel's wish to be buried in his homeland, East Friesland: Rather, he was buried in the Gertrudenfriedhof in Oldenburg - under the supervision of the Gestapo.

Commemoration

Memorial plaques on the Reichstag

In the social-democratic culture of remembrance, Tempel has received a relatively large amount of attention compared to most of the members of the Reichstag in the Weimar Republic: In 1974, the then chairman of the SPD parliamentary group in Bonn's Bundestag, Herbert Wehner , gave a public address to remember Tempel's life, his political work and his "murder ". In front of the Berlin Reichstag, Tempel is dedicated to one of the 96 memorial plaques in memory of members of the Reichstag who were murdered by the National Socialists .

In addition, the Hermann Tempel Prize awarded by the SPD district of Weser-Ems since 2000 commemorates the politician. This prize is awarded annually at the district party conference of the Weser-Ems-SPD “for outstanding party work”.

The Hermann Temple Monument in Ditzum

The SPD in the district of Leer has been awarding the Hermann Temple Medal at irregular intervals of a few years since 1989 (for the 100th birthday of the temple) to “people or groups (...) who are particularly interested in the life and work of the former Leeraner SPD Reichstag delegate Hermann Tempel deservedly ”. Previous winners were Heinz Galinski (former President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany , 1989), Hans Koschnick (for his involvement in the Yugoslav civil war, 1995), the Emslandlager Documentation and Information Center (for dealing with the history of the concentration camps in northwest Germany, 1998), Anetta Kahane from the Amadeu Antonio Foundation (for her work against right-wing extremist violence, 2002), Maria Rieken and Wilhelm Rolfes (for her work with “young, stumbled people” on an organic farm in Burlage , 2005) and the helpers in the soup kitchen the Christ Church Leer (for voluntary social work, 2009).

Streets in Aurich , Bramsche , Leer and Oldenburg as well as the Hermann-Tempel-Gesamtschule in Ihlow ( district of Aurich ) were named after the politician , the latter at the suggestion of an Ihlower citizen in a naming competition in 1973. In Leer there is also the city library in the “Hermann-Tempel -Haus ” , a former warehouse. In his hometown of Ditzum a square is named after the politician. There is a monument to Hermann Tempel there.

See also

Fonts

  • Horst Milde (Ed.): Wilhelm Tempel. Verses from my cell , Wilhelmshaven 1965.
  • Hermann Temple. 1889-1944. Documentation from the literary estate , 1980.

literature

  • Hermann Temple . In: Franz Osterroth : Biographical Lexicon of Socialism . Volume 1: Deceased Personalities. Verlag JHW Dietz Nachf. GmbH, Hanover 1960, pp. 308-309.
  • Klaus Dede / Werner Vahlenkamp : Hermann Tempel, Leer. Biography and documentation about the teacher and politician from the Weser-Ems area , Oldenburg 1979.

Web links

Commons : Hermann Tempel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lower Saxony State Center for Political Education (ed.): Justice in National Socialism. Crimes in the name of the people . Exhibition catalog. S. 40. Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden 2002, ISBN 3-7890-81787 .
  2. ↑ www.leer.de: Biography Hermann Tempel. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  3. ^ Dietmar von Reeken : Ostfriesland between Weimar and Bonn. A case study on the problem of historical continuity using the example of the cities of Emden and Aurich. (Sources and studies on the history of Lower Saxony after 1945, Volume 7). Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1991, ISBN 3-7848-3057-9 , p. 37. In the following by Reeken: Ostfriesland between Weimar and Bonn.
  4. ^ Von Reeken: Ostfriesland between Weimar and Bonn. P. 37.
  5. ↑ a b c Martin Schumacher (Ed.): MdR The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation 1933-1945. Droste-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1991, ISBN 3-7700-5162-9 , p. 576f.
  6. ↑ Ursula Langkau-Alex: German Popular Front 1932-1939 , p. 8.
  7. ↑ www.leer.de: Biography Hermann Tempel. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  8. ^ Günther Scholz: Herbert Wehner , 1986, p. 172.
  9. ^ Hermann Tempel Prizes for outstanding party work. ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 11, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.spd-weser-ems.de
  10. ↑ www.spd-kreis-leer.de: Awarding of the Hermann Temple Medal on February 24th. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  11. ↑ www.htgihlow.de: Who was Hermann Tempel? Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  12. ↑ www.leer.de: City Library. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
personal data
SURNAME Temple, Hermann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tempel, Hermann Bernhard Christoph (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH November 29, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Ditzum
DATE OF DEATH November 27, 1944
Place of death Oldenburg